公开(公告)号：US4791227A

公开(公告)日：1988-12-13

申请号：US422254

申请日：1982-09-23

Applicant: Alfred Neumann ,  Willi Ploesser ,  Hermann-Josef Siegert

Inventor： Alfred Neumann ,  Willi Ploesser ,  Hermann-Josef Siegert

IPC: C22C21/00 ,  B01J3/00 ,  B01J19/02 ,  C07C51/14 ,  C07C67/38 ,  C07C51/44 ,  C07C51/48 ,  C07C67/54 ,  C07C67/58

CPC classification number: C07C51/14 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B01J3/002 ,  B01J2219/0277 ,  Y10S203/06 ,  Y10S203/17

Abstract: What is disclosed is the use of metallic vessels having particularly high corrosion resistance which are made of(a) aluminum or alloys containing more than 95% aluminum, or of(b) nickel-chromium-iron alloys containing from 30 to 50% of nickel, from 20 to 30% of chromium, and from 18 to 50% of iron, by weight, in reacting or working up mixtures containing substantial amounts of hydrogen fluoride in addition to organic carboxylic acids and/or carbon monoxide and/or water.

Abstract translation: 公开的是使用具有特别高耐腐蚀性的金属容器，其由（a）铝或含有超过95％的铝的合金或（b）含有30至50％的镍的镍 - 铬 - 铁合金制成 ，20至30％的铬和18至50％的铁，除了有机羧酸和/或一氧化碳和/或水之外，还含有相当量的氟化氢的混合物的反应或加工。

公开(公告)号：US4670404A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-02

申请号：US801734

申请日：1985-11-26

Applicant: Ian Swift ,  Hans K. Fauske

Inventor： Ian Swift ,  Hans K. Fauske

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  G01N25/20 ,  G05B9/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/002 ,  B01J19/0006 ,  B01J19/0093 ,  B01J3/046 ,  B01J2219/00015 ,  B01J2219/00058 ,  B01J2219/00162

Abstract: Micro-scale chemical process simulation apparatus is disclosed which is useful for design of full-scale processes and associated equipment as well as emergency relief systems. A thin-walled vessel for receiving a quantity of the material to be evaluated is supportd within and thermally insulated from the walls of a surrounding containment unit. A guard heater is provided around the vessel and temperature thermocouples and pressure transducers are strategically located to monitor the temperature conditions existing in the material in the vessel as well as the pressure within the vessel and the containment unit respectively. Fluid may be selectively introduced into or exhausted from the containment unit to maintain a required pressure balance between the interior of the vessel and that of the containment unit. The wall thickness of the pilot vessel is such that the phi factor defined by the thermal mass of the material plus the thermal mass of the vessel divided by the thermal mass of the material is not significantly greater than the same ratio of thermal masses which obtain during a full-scale chemical operation in a pressure vessel.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种微型化学过程模拟装置，其用于设计全尺寸过程及相关设备以及紧急救援系统。 用于接收一定量待评估材料的薄壁容器被支撑在周围的容纳单元的壁内并与其隔热。 在容器周围提供防护加热器，温度热电偶和压力传感器位于战略位置，以分别监测容器中材料中存在的温度条件以及容器和容纳单元内的压力。 流体可以选择性地引入到容纳单元中或从容纳单元中排出，以在容器的内部和容纳单元的内部之间保持所需的压力平衡。 先导容器的壁厚使得由材料的热质量加上容器的热质量除以材料的热质量所限定的phi因子不显着大于在材料中获得的热质量的相同比例 在压力容器中进行全面的化学操作。

公开(公告)号：US4602652A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-29

申请号：US622021

申请日：1984-06-20

Applicant: Ray R. Ayers

Inventor： Ray R. Ayers

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  F16K17/14 ,  F16L55/18

CPC classification number: B01J3/002 ,  F16K17/14 ,  Y10T137/0441 ,  Y10T137/1624

Abstract: A pressure vessel is provided with a single use safety valve composed of a partially buckled, hollow chamber which is susceptible to further buckling at a preselected pressure. The chamber is mounted and elastomerically sealed in an opening in the vessel held in position by a support frame either interior to or exterior of the vessel.

Abstract translation: 压力容器设置有单个使用的安全阀，其由部分弯曲的中空室组成，其在预选压力下易于进一步屈曲。 腔室通过在容器的内部或外部的支撑框架安装和弹性密封在容器中的开口中，该开口保持在适当位置。

公开(公告)号：US4559810A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-24

申请号：US621052

申请日：1984-06-15

Applicant: Richard J. Hinrichs ,  Judy Thuen

Inventor： Richard J. Hinrichs ,  Judy Thuen

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B29C35/02 ,  G01N11/00 ,  G01N29/02

CPC classification number: B01J3/002 ,  B29C35/02 ,  B29C35/0288

Abstract: A method for determining the dynamic viscosity of a specimen of a polymeric resin which is subjected to a time-varying temperature includes the steps of passing an ultrasonic sensing wave of known amplitude through the specimen, sensing the amplitude of the wave after it has travelled through the specimen, and from the degree of amplitude attenuation, obtaining a value which has a linear relationship to the logarithm of the instantaneous dynamic viscosity of the resin.

Abstract translation: 用于确定经受时变温度的聚合物树脂的样品的动态粘度的方法包括以下步骤：将已知振幅的超声波感测波通过样品，在其行进之后感测波的振幅 样品和从振幅衰减的程度获得与树脂的瞬时动态粘度的对数线性关系的值。

公开(公告)号：US4515545A

公开(公告)日：1985-05-07

申请号：US620861

申请日：1984-06-15

Applicant: Richard J. Hinrichs ,  Judy Thuen

Inventor： Richard J. Hinrichs ,  Judy Thuen

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B29C35/02 ,  B29G7/00

CPC classification number: B29C35/0227 ,  B01J3/002 ,  B29C35/02 ,  B29C35/0288

Abstract: An automated system for controlling the curing process of structures formed of fiber-reinforced composite material and the like in an autoclave is disclosed. The system uses sensors to monitor autoclave pressure, ambient and structure surface temperature, and structure viscosity during the cure cycle. Real time measurements are taken for each of these parameters, and the measured values are compared with predetermined optimum values which themselves change as the curing cycle progresses. The results of the comparisons are used to control the application of temperature and pressure in the autoclave to achieve the desired visco-elastic states of the structure which continually change as the curing process progresses. The viscosity data are obtained through measurements of attenuation of an ultrasonic wave in the composite material of the structure. It was found that the attenuation is directly related to the viscosity of the structure. Thus, the direct, non-destructive, in-process measurements of the ultrasonic wave attenuation permits generation of an actual, real time-versus-viscosity behavior profile which is then instantaneously compared with a "model" profile. The difference between the actual viscosity-versus-time profile and the "model" profile is also used to generate appropriate signals for controlling the curing process so as to bring the parameters of the process into close conformity with the "model" profile.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于控制由高压釜中的纤维增强复合材料等形成的结构的固化过程的自动化系统。 该系统使用传感器监测高压釜压力，环境温度和结构表面温度以及固化周期期间的结构粘度。 对这些参数中的每一个进行实时测量，并将测量值与其随着固化循环进行而改变的预定最佳值进行比较。 比较结果用于控制高压釜中的温度和压力的应用，以达到随着固化过程进行而不断变化的结构的期望的粘弹性状态。 粘度数据是通过测量结构复合材料中超声波的衰减而得到的。 发现衰减与结构的粘度直接相关。 因此，超声波衰减的直接的，非破坏性的在过程中的测量允许产生实际的实时对比粘度行为分布，然后将其与“模型”轮廓瞬时地比较。 实际粘度 - 时间分布与“模型”分布之间的差异也用于产生用于控制固化过程的适当信号，以使过程的参数与“模型”分布紧密一致。

公开(公告)号：US4350019A

公开(公告)日：1982-09-21

申请号：US218760

申请日：1980-12-22

Applicant: William Chocas

Inventor： William Chocas

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  F25D7/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/002

Abstract: A stream of gas, e.g., natural gas to e.g., a reforming operation, is divided, and the two streams are interacted so as to lower the pressure and raise the temperature of one while doing the reverse to the other.

Abstract translation: 气流，例如天然气，例如重整操作，被分开，并且两个流相互作用，以便降低压力并提高温度，同时反向另一个。

公开(公告)号：US4283987A

公开(公告)日：1981-08-18

申请号：US51470

申请日：1979-06-25

Applicant: Gerhardt C. Stichling ,  James McPherson

Inventor： Gerhardt C. Stichling ,  James McPherson

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  F42B3/00 ,  F42D1/05

CPC classification number: F42D1/05 ,  B01J19/002 ,  B01J3/002 ,  F42B3/006 ,  B01J2219/00263 ,  B01J2219/0027

Abstract: An explosive release clamp adapted to be opened suddenly by electrical initiation of an explosive charge, and a safety pressure release system for closed vessels such as chemical reactors, high pressure storage tanks, or the like, wherein one or more such clamps are used to secure a main hatch to a reactor vessel. Upon occurrence of an emergency condition such as over-pressure, all clamps are automatically fired simultaneously to release the hatch. A manual override circuit enables firing the clamps in case the hatch must be released without an emergency signal. A test circuit checks the clamps and their associated cabling for electrical continuity, using a current substantially less than that required to fire the clamps.

Abstract translation: 适用于通过爆炸装药的电气起动而突然打开的爆炸释放夹具，以及用于诸如化学反应堆，高压储罐等的封闭容器的安全压力释放系统，其中使用一个或多个这样的夹子来固定 一个主要舱口的反应堆容器。 发生紧急情况如过压时，所有夹具都会同时自动点火以释放舱口盖。 手动超驰电路可以启动夹具，以防止在没有紧急信号的情况下释放舱口。 测试电路使用大体上小于启动夹具所需的电流来检查夹具及其相关电缆的电气连续性。

公开(公告)号：US3864960A

公开(公告)日：1975-02-11

申请号：US40286873

申请日：1973-10-02

Applicant: NASA ,  KAZOKAS GEORGE P

Inventor： FLETCHER JAMES C ADMINISTRATOR ,  KAZOKAS GEORGE P

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  G01M3/00 ,  G01M3/18 ,  G01M3/26

CPC classification number: G01M3/002 ,  B01J3/002 ,  G01M3/184

Abstract: A leak detector for use with high vacuum seals as used in feedthroughs and hatch covers for manned spacecraft and vacuum systems. Two thermistors are used, one exposed directly to vacuum and the other exposed to a secondary chamber formed by the seal being monitored and a second auxiliary seal. Leakage into the secondary chamber causes an unbalance of an electrical bridge circuit in which the thermistors are connected.

Abstract translation: 用于载人航天器和真空系统的馈通和舱口盖中使用的高真空密封件的泄漏检测器。 使用两个热敏电阻器，一个直接暴露于真空中，另一个暴露于由被监测的密封件形成的次级室和第二辅助密封件。 泄漏到次级室导致热电阻连接的电桥电路的不平衡。

公开(公告)号：US3612339A

公开(公告)日：1971-10-12

申请号：US3612339D

申请日：1969-05-21

Applicant: FOSTER WHEELER CORP

Inventor： JORGENSEN SVEND M

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  F16J12/00 ,  F16J13/12 ,  F16L25/00 ,  B65D53/00 ,  A47J27/08 ,  A47J36/10

CPC classification number: F16J13/12 ,  B01J3/002 ,  F16J12/00 ,  F16L25/0018 ,  Y10T292/34

Abstract: A pressure vessel in which a plurality of shear pins are disposed along an innerface defined between a pair of adjoining vessel components. The studs extend at an angle with respect to the generatrix of the innerface.

公开(公告)号：US3595728A

公开(公告)日：1971-07-27

申请号：US3595728D

申请日：1967-06-16

Applicant: NUCLEAR POWER GROUP LTD

Inventor： ROBSON ARTHUR GRAY

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  E04B1/76 ,  E04F13/08 ,  F16L59/06 ,  F16L59/12 ,  G21C11/08 ,  B32B3/06

CPC classification number: F16L59/06 ,  B01J3/002 ,  E04B1/7612 ,  E04F13/0875 ,  F16L59/12 ,  G21C11/083 ,  G21C11/085 ,  G21C11/088 ,  Y02E30/40 ,  Y10S220/901 ,  Y10S220/918 ,  Y10T428/168 ,  Y10T428/24174 ,  Y10T428/249923 ,  Y10T428/249964

Abstract: THERMAL INSULATION FORMED FROM SHEET MEMBERS WITH SPACER MEMBERS SEPARATING THE SHEET MEMBERS TO FORM INTERSPACES WHICH ARE SEALED FROM ONE ANOTHER BY SEALS FORMED BY PAIRS OF CONTACTING SURFACES AT LEAST ONE SURFACE OF EACH PAIR BEING OF NON-METALLIC, HEAT RESISTANT MATERIAL, THE PERMEABILITY OF THE SPACER MEMBERS AND THE COMPRESSIBILITY OF THE NON-METALLIC MATERIAL BEING SUCH THAT THE SPACER MEMBERS IN CONJUCTION WITH SAID SEALS RESTRICT THE FLOW OF FLUID IN AND BETWEEN THE INTERSPACES.