Abstract:
A system includes a temperature chamber (100), a text fixture (402), a test coupon (400), a data acquisition unit (404), an ohmmeter (406) and a computer (410). The temperature chamber (100) provides temperature extremes to the test coupon (400). The test coupon (400) includes a substrate (314), one or more vias (418-429) and traces (402-412) connecting the vias. The data acquisition unit (404) continuously measures a resistance value of the circuit formed by the vias (418-429) and traces (402-412) during temperature cycling of the test coupon (400) held by the test fixture (402). The ohmmeter (406) measures the temperature of the test coupon (400) with a thermocouple. The data is used to detect failures of the materials in the test coupon (400) during the temperature cycling.
Abstract:
A portable electronic device includes a display-input apparatus (108) for displaying alternate character sets, in correspondence with a selected mode of operation of the device. The display-input apparatus uses first and second cholesteric display layers (302, 304) to display the different character sets. Each cholesteric display layer displays a different character set when active. When not active, the cholesteric display layer is rendered transparent.
Abstract:
A novel class of anionic surfactants with improved surfact active properties is comprised of two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic groups represented by the formula: ##STR1## The surfactants exhibit unusually low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and pC-20 values in aqueous media.
Abstract:
According to the invention, an improved class of amphoteric surfactant having improved surfactant properties characterized as mild and environmentally safe has been provided comprising compounds of the formula: ##STR1## The amphoteric surfactant of the subject invention have at least two hydrophobic moieties and at least two hydrophilic groups per molecule and are useful as emulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and solubilizing agents.
Abstract:
A novel class of nonionic gemini surfactants and methods for their preparation consist of compounds with three hydrophilic heads and two lipophilic tails of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene, aryl or alkylaryl, or hydrogen, with the proviso that both cannot be hydrogen; R.sub.2 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.5 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen, (Y) represents ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl or hydrogen and may be the same or different; X represents --(CH.sub.2).sub.a -- wherein a is a whole number of from 1 to 5; --S--, --S--S--, --SO.sub.2, --(CH.sub.2).sub.a SO.sub.2 (CH.sub.2).sub.a --,--O--, --C.dbd.O, or --CH.sub.2 --NR--CH.sub.2 -- wherein R is a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 straight or branched chain alkyl, alkylene or hydrogen and x, y, and z are whole numbers of from about 6 to about 300. The surfactants exhibit excellent surface active functionality, low cmc and pC.sub.20 values and provide superior efficacies when combined with conventional single chain surfactants.
Abstract:
Novel nonionic gemini surfactants are extremely effective emulsifiers for oil-in-water emulsions that provide improved detergency at even low concentration levels. The surfactants are characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is independently H or a C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 alkyl, R.sub.2 is H or C.sub.1 to C.sub.22 alkyl and R.sub.3 is D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 or R.sub.4 --D.sub.1 --R.sub.4 wherein R.sub.4 is independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, --C(O)--, --R.sub.5 �O(EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b !--, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl, e.g. phenyl, and D.sub.1 is independently --O--, --S--, --S--S--, --SO.sub.2 --, --C(O)--, a polyether group �--O(EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b --!, an amide group �--C(O)N(R.sub.6)--!, an amino group �--N(R.sub.6)--!, --O--R.sub.5 --O--, or aryl. (EO).sub.a (PO).sub.b is a polyether group and Z is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or an alkylaryl or hydrogen wherein EO represents ethyleneoxy radicals, PO represents propyleneoxy radicals, a and b are numbers of from 0 to 100, a is preferably from about 0 to about 30 and b is preferably from about 0 to 10, and wherein a plus b is at least one.
Abstract translation:新型非离子双子表面活性剂是非常有效的水包油乳液乳化剂,可在甚至低浓度水平下提供改善的去污力。 表面活性剂的特征在于下式:其中R1独立地为H或C1至C22烷基,R2为H或C1至C22烷基,R3为D1-R4-D1或R4-D1-R4,其中R4独立地为 C 1 -C 10烷基,-C(O) - , - R 5 [O(EO)a(PO)b] - , - O-R 5 -O-或芳基 苯基和D 1独立地是-O - , - S - , - S - , - SO 2 - , - C(O) - ,聚醚基团[-O(EO)a(PO)b-] -C(O)N(R6) - ],氨基[-N(R6) - ],-O-R5-O-或芳基。 (EO)a(PO)b是聚醚基团,Z是C1-C4烷基或烷基芳基或氢,其中EO表示亚乙基氧基,PO表示丙烯氧基,a和b是0至100的数,a是 优选约0至约30,b优选为约0至10,并且其中加b为至少一个。
Abstract:
A method and apparatus are provided for steaming and blending food products such as baby food. The apparatus includes a base including a steam chamber and a drive shaft. A container assembly can be mounted to the base in an inverted position for steaming the food and in an upright position for blending the food. The apparatus may further include a baby bottle sterilizing unit and a bottle warmer.
Abstract:
A charger docking station (102) is used to charge a battery (122) of a portable information device (104), and provide enhanced input (110) and enhanced output (112) ability. The enhanced input allows a user to more easily input information into the portable information device, while the enhanced output allows the user to view more information than may be displayed by a display (126) of the portable information device. When the charger docking station is connected to a power source (116) a power supply (114) provides power to the enhanced input and display elements, but when the power source is disconnected from the power supply, the enhanced input and display elements are powered from the battery of the portable information device, or from an external auxiliary battery (106), or both.
Abstract:
A wearable electronic product (50) includes an electronic host device (52), at least one peripheral device (54) that selectively couples and decouples to the electronic host device and activates independently of the electronic host device, and means (51) for wearing the wearable electronic product by a user. The peripheral device can activate automatically (107) upon being decoupled from the electronic host device and can also activate independently (109) of any other peripheral device. In this regard, the peripheral device can automatically sense (104) the need for its own power source to become active and can optionally automatically sense the need for activating a new wireless link (108) to the electronic host device using its own power source (57) when selectively decoupled from the electronic host device.