Abstract:
REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANES ARE PRODUCED BY SPRAYING A FILM-FORMING SOLUTION ONTO A SUBSTRATE IN A ZONE INTO WHICH IS INJECTED, THROUGHOUT SPRAYING, AN INERT GAS SATURATED WITH POLYMER SOLVENT VAPOR. SOLVENT IS THEN EVAPORATED FROM THE FILM BY REDUCING THE DEGREE OF SOLVENT SATURATION OF THE INERT GAS IN THE EVAPORATION ZONE BY INTRODUCING GAS THAT IS LESS THAN SATURATED WITH SOLVENT, BY LOWERING THE ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IN THE ZONE OR BY HEATING THE ATMOSPHERE. THE FILM IS THEN CURED IN THE PRIOR ART MANNER BY QUENCHING AND ANNEALING. ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING IS MOST EFFECTIVE.
Abstract:
TO ENHANCE FALSHING IN A STAGE OF MULTISTAGE FLASH DISTILLATION UNIT, SMALL AMOUNTS OF LIQUID, AT THE SAME OR A LOWER TEMPERATURE THAN THE DISTILLAND IN THE STAGE, ARE INJECTED BELOW THE LEVEL OF THE DISTILLAND.
Abstract:
CREEP RESISTANCE OF BINARY ZINC-COPPER ALLOYS CONTAINING UP TO ABOUT 2 WEIGHT PERCENT COPPER IS SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASED BY WORKING THE ALLOYS WITHIN A TEMPERATURE RANGE CORRELATED WITH COPPER CONTENT SO AS TO CONTROL THE DEGREE TO WHICH COPPER IS RETAINED BY THE ZINC MATRIX WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY CONTROLLING THE FORM AND AMOUNT OF ZINC-COPPER E-PHASE PRECIPITATED AT GRAIN BOUNDARIES.
Abstract:
Zinc and nickel are recovered from waste phosphate liquor by solvent extraction. Zinc is first extracted with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid in an organic diluent. Nickel is then extracted from the raffinate of the zinc extraction with dinonyl naphthalene sulfonic acid in an organic diluent.
Abstract:
Halogenated organic pesticides, typified by DDT, chlordane, lindane and the like, are reacted with metallic zinc under mildly acid conditions to produce less highly halogenated degradation products of lower toxicity.
Abstract:
Gold is recovered from dilute solution by complexing with malononitrile, followed by sorption on, and elution from, an anion-exchange resin having both weakly basic and strongly basic groups.
Abstract:
Crevice corrosion is detected and its extent is qualitatively measured by use of a two-electrode, polarization-type probe. The two electrodes are fabricated of the same metal and have substantially equal surface areas. At least one of the electrodes is shaped to define a crevice area of relatively narrow width. The crevice area may be formed by cutting or milling a slot in the electrodes, by grooving or threading the electrodes or by encircling the electrodes with a sleevelike element of a nonconducting material.
Abstract:
A punch tape reader apparatus controlling item and total printing of a lister-adder machine is cyclically operable to read binary-coded decimal data from the tape by sensing the punched holes a tape line at a time, and serially transmit signal representations of individual decimal value digits of each line of data thus sensed to circuits energizing solenoid actuators for machine keys corresponding to the decimal digit values read. Data-sensing proceeds when reciprocative sensor rods guided in knife-edged openings descend by gravity upon each tape line to direct seeker pins on the rods through holes in the tape. Magnets affixed to the rods move therewith such that rods finding holes position magnets opposite to glass sealed, magnetically actuated switches. A multicontact stepping relay operates to scan the switches and initiate a sequence of functions wherein data sensed and imparted to the switches by actuation thereof is transferred through a binary-decimal to decimal converter and thence to the key-actuating solenoids. A counter registering operational cycles in presettable to control item printing after every predetermined number of items sensed, and a further counter registering a number of items printed is presettable to control total taking after every predetermined number of items printed.
Abstract:
A spirally corrugated heat exchange tube is formed from a smooth-walled tube. The smooth-walled tube is drawn over a rotating mandrel between spirally fluted rotary dies. As the tube rotates with the mandrel, the newly corrugated portion is drawn away from the mandrel and dies, and a smooth-walled portion is advanced, forming continuous spiral corrugations along the length of the tube.
Abstract:
Contemporaneously with the displacement of underground medium to form an excavation, measurements of deformation in the medium surrounding the excavation are taken by an arrangement of probe sensors in boreholes drilled in this surrounding medium. Ends of the sensors projecting from the boreholes are referenced to mount structures fixed to a stable substance, such as a distance extension of the surrounding medium, and the opposite sensor ends inside the boreholes are flexibly joined to anchors embedded at the deep ends of the boreholes. Strain gages affixed to cantilevers connected between probe structures and the flexible joints produce signals when shifting of the medium moves the anchors therein with respect to the referenced probe structures. These signals are interpreted as data on deformation during excavation, and subsequently time-dependent deformation.