Abstract:
A toner is provided. The toner comprises toner particles each comprising a toner base particle and an external additive. The toner base particle comprises a binder resin and a colorant. The toner satisfies the following conditions (a) and (b): (a) an average surface roughness Ra [nm] of the toner particles, detected by a scanning probe microscope analyzer, satisfies the following formula (1): 10
Abstract:
A heater includes a base layer, a heat generator mounted on the base layer, and a slide layer mounted on the base layer. A sliding face of a counterpart slides over the slide layer. The slide layer is made of a material containing fluorine and includes a slide face that contacts the sliding face of the counterpart. The slide face of the slide layer has a surface roughness that is greater than a surface roughness of the sliding face of the counterpart.
Abstract:
An image forming apparatus includes a resistive heat generator, a temperature detector, and a power controller that detects a temperature-resistance property of the resistive heat generator before the resistive heat generator is used when the resistive heat generator is removably installed. The power controller obtains power supplied to the resistive heat generator and a change in a temperature of the resistive heat generator, that is detected by the temperature detector, while the power controller supplies the power at a predetermined power duty cycle for adjustment to the resistive heat generator. The power controller calculates the temperature-resistance property of the resistive heat generator based on the power and the change in the temperature that are obtained. The power controller adjusts a power duty cycle at which the power is supplied to the resistive heat generator in use of the resistive heat generator, based on the temperature-resistance property.
Abstract:
A heater includes a base and at least one resistive heat generator mounted on a face of the base. At least one electrode supplies power to the at least one resistive heat generator. A conductor couples the at least one electrode with the at least one resistive heat generator. A slide layer covers the at least one resistive heat generator and the conductor. The slide layer includes a projecting portion that defines a surface of the slide layer. The projecting portion is defined by a film thickness of at least one of the conductor and the at least one resistive heat generator. The projecting portion includes an upstream projection disposed opposite a lateral end of the base in a longitudinal direction of the base and a downstream projection disposed downstream from the upstream projection in a rotation direction of an endless belt that slides over the heater.
Abstract:
A fixing device includes a fixing member, at least one temperature detector, and a device-side drawer connector. The at least one temperature detector is configured to detect a temperature of the fixing member, the at least one temperature detector including a plurality of lead wires. The device-side drawer connector has a terminal portion configured to fit with a terminal portion of a body-side drawer connector of an image forming apparatus body to connect the plurality of lead wires of the at least one temperature detector to the image forming apparatus body. The device-side drawer connector is configured to branch a signal wire of the plurality of lead wires of the at least one temperature detector into a plurality of systems. A plurality of earth wires of the plurality of lead wires of the at least one temperature detector is short-circuited to each other.
Abstract:
A fixing device includes a rotatable pressing roller, a fixing rotator to rotate in contact with the pressing roller, a nip formation pad, and a slide sheet disposed between the nip formation pad and the fixing rotator. The slide sheet includes a base material layer made of a woven fabric of spun yarn. In the base material layer, a distance between adjacent spun yarns is equal to or less than 0.4 times a width of the spun yarn in a cross-section of the slide sheet in a direction of slide movement of the fixing rotator, and, in a cross-section of the slide sheet in a longitudinal direction of the slide sheet and a direction perpendicular to the slide movement of the fixing rotator, a thickness of the spun yarn is equal to or greater than 0.2 times a width of the spun yarn.
Abstract:
A fixing method is provided including the step of fixing a toner on a recording medium with a fixing device. The toner comprises a binder resin, a colorant, and a release agent, and has a release agent amount indicator of from 0.01 to 0.20. The release agent amount indicator is represented by a ratio (P2850/P828) of an intensity (P2850) at a wave number of 2,850 cm−1 to an intensity (P828) at a wave number of 828 cm−1 of the toner measured by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy attenuated total reflection method. The fixing device includes a fixing rotator driven to rotate by a driving source, a pressure rotator driven to rotate by rotation of the fixing rotator, a fixing belt interposed between the fixing rotator and the pressure rotator, and a heater to heat the fixing belt.
Abstract:
A toner includes a binder resin; a release agent; and two or more inorganic fine particles as external additives. At least one of the inorganic fine particles is silica. When an ultrasonic oscillation is applied to a dispersion including the toner and a dispersant and a rate of the silica releasing from the toner is 20% based on total silica, an application energy of the ultrasonic oscillation is from 8 to 14 kJ, and from 70 to 130 kJ when the rate of the silica releasing from the toner is 50%.
Abstract:
Provided are an antenna and a combination antenna having a wide directivity in a predetermined plane direction. The antenna 100 is configured to have rims 111, 112 at left and right ends of a dielectric substrate 101 in the X direction in such a manner as to sandwich antenna elements 10. The rims 111, 112 may be metal plates or EBGs. As the rims 111, 112 are thus provided at both sides to sandwich the antenna elements 10, it is possible to reduce the width of the dielectric substrate 101 of the antenna 100 required for realizing wide coverage. As a result, it is possible to create a greater space for integration of another RF circuit and improve the space factor.
Abstract:
A photoelectric conversion apparatus includes a plurality of unit pixels each including a first photoelectric conversion unit, a second photoelectric conversion unit, and a pixel output unit shared by the first photoelectric conversion unit and the second photoelectric conversion unit. The unit pixels are arranged in a first direction, and the first and second photoelectric conversion units are arranged in a second direction different from the first direction.