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    Polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions having controlled degradation rates
    38.
    发明授权
    Polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions having controlled degradation rates 有权
    具有受控降解速率的聚羟基链烷酸酯组合物

    公开(公告)号：US06610764B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-08-26

    申请号：US09218575

    申请日：1998-12-22

    Applicant: David P. Martin ,  Frank Skraly ,  Simon F. Williams

    Inventor： David P. Martin ,  Frank Skraly ,  Simon F. Williams

    IPC: C08L6704

    CPC classification number: C08G63/912 ,  A61K9/1647 ,  A61K47/593 ,  A61K47/6957 ,  A61L15/26 ,  A61L17/10 ,  A61L17/12 ,  A61L24/0042 ,  A61L26/0019 ,  A61L26/009 ,  A61L27/18 ,  A61L27/34 ,  A61L27/58 ,  A61L29/06 ,  A61L31/06 ,  A61L31/148 ,  C08G63/06 ,  C08G63/64 ,  C08G63/6852 ,  C08G63/6882 ,  C08J9/26 ,  C08J2201/0444 ,  C08J2201/0482 ,  C08J2367/04 ,  C08K5/0033 ,  C12N5/0068 ,  C12N2533/30 ,  C12P7/625 ,  C08L67/04

    Abstract: Biocompatible polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions with controlled degradation rates have been developed. In one embodiment, the polyhydroxyalkanoates contain additives to alter the degradation rates. In another embodiment, the polyhydroxyalkanoates are formed of mixtures of monomers or include pendant groups or modifications in their backbones to alter their degradation rates. In still another embodiment, the polyhydroxyalkanoates are chemically modified. Methods for manufacturing the devices which increase porosity or exposed surface area can be used to alter degradability. For example, as demonstrated by the examples, porous polyhydroxyalkanoates can be made using methods that creates pores, voids, or interstitial spacing, such as an emulsion or spray drying technique, or which incorporate leachable or lyophilizable particles within the polymer. Examples describe poly(4HB) compositions including foams, coatings, meshes, and microparticles. As demonstrated by the examples, these polyhydroxyalkanoate compositions have extremely favorable mechanical properties, as well as are biocompatible and degrade within desirable time frames under physiological conditions. These polyhydroxyalkanoate materials provide a wider range of polyhydroxyalkanoate degradation rates than are currently available. Methods for processing these materials, particularly for therapeutic, prophylactic or diagnostic applications, or into devices which can be implanted or injected, are also described.

    Abstract translation: 已经开发了具有受控降解速率的生物相容性聚羟基链烷酸酯组合物。 在一个实施方案中，聚羟基链烷酸酯含有改变降解速率的添加剂。 在另一个实施方案中，聚羟基链烷酸酯由单体的混合物形成或包括侧链基团或其主链中的修饰以改变其降解速率。 在另一个实施方案中，聚羟基链烷酸酯被化学改性。 用于制造增加孔隙率或暴露表面积的装置的方法可用于改变降解性。 例如，如通过实施例所证明的，多孔聚羟基链烷酸酯可以使用产生孔，空隙或间隙的方法，例如乳液或喷雾干燥技术，或者在聚合物内含有可浸出或可冷冻干燥的颗粒。 实例描述了包括泡沫，涂层，网格和微粒的聚（4HB）组合物。 如实施例所示，这些聚羟基链烷酸酯组合物在生理条件下在期望的时间范围内具有非常有利的机械性能以及生物相容性和降解性。 这些聚羟基链烷酸酯材料提供比目前可获得的更广泛的聚羟基链烷酸酯降解速率。 还描述了用于处理这些材料的方法，特别是用于治疗，预防或诊断应用，或可植入或注射的装置。

    Controlled release of compounds utilizing a plastic matrix
    39.
    发明授权
    Controlled release of compounds utilizing a plastic matrix 失效
    使用塑料基质控制释放化合物

    公开(公告)号：US4400374A

    公开(公告)日：1983-08-23

    申请号：US171835

    申请日：1980-07-24

    Applicant: Nathan F. Cardarelli

    Inventor： Nathan F. Cardarelli

    IPC: A01M1/20 ,  A01N25/10 ,  A01N25/34 ,  C05D9/02 ,  C05G3/00 ,  C08J9/26 ,  A01N55/04

    CPC classification number: C08J9/26 ,  A01M1/2055 ,  A01N25/10 ,  A01N25/34 ,  C05D9/02 ,  C05G3/0047 ,  C08J2201/0444 ,  C08J2323/02

    Abstract: A composition and method for the controlled release of compounds from a plastic dispenser, usually a thermoplastic, generally in association with a porosigen in contact with water, for example, an aquatic environment or soil moisture. Thermoplastic dispensers are generally made from a water insoluble polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyamide, polystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, etc. Thermoset plastics, such as epoxy, are also used. The porosigen, depending upon the desired end use and release rate of a compound, can have a solubility of less than 0.1 or 0.001 grams per 100 grams of water, or up to 100 grams per 100 grams of water. The released compound, for example, a larvicide, a molluscicide, a nematicide, a trace nutrient, a plant regulant, etc., is contained in the thermoplastic dispenser. The combination of the plastic dispenser containing the porosigen and compound results in a slow release which can last for days, months, and even years, through dissolution of the porosigen and the formation of a porous network permitting water to contact the dispersed compound located in the interior portions of the dispenser.

    Abstract translation: 一种组合物和方法，用于从塑料分配器（通常为热塑性塑料）中控制释放化合物，该塑料分配器通常与与水接触的孔洞素例如水生环境或土壤水分相关联。 热塑性分配器通常由水不溶性聚合物如聚乙烯，聚丙烯，乙烯 - 乙酸乙烯酯，聚酰胺，聚苯乙烯，聚乙酸乙烯酯，聚氨酯等制成。热固性塑料如环氧树脂也被使用。 取决于化合物的期望最终用途和释放速率的porosigen可以具有小于0.1或0.001克/ 100克水的溶解度，或至多100克/ 100克水。 释放的化合物，例如杀虫剂，杀软体动物剂，杀线虫剂，微量营养物，植物调节剂等被包含在热塑性分配器中。 含有porosigen和化合物的塑料分配器的组合导致缓慢释放，其可以持续数天，数月甚至数年，通过溶解porosigen和形成多孔网络，允许水接触位于 分配器的内部部分。

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