公开(公告)号：US20100302459A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-02

申请号：US12752527

申请日：2010-04-01

Applicant: Wenyi Zhang ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer

Inventor： Wenyi Zhang ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer

IPC: H04N5/46 ,  H04B17/00 ,  H04B15/00

CPC classification number: H04W24/00 ,  H04L1/20 ,  H04W28/18

Abstract: The use of white space devices in unused portions of the television channel spectrum is facilitated by spectrum sensing techniques that combine interference rejection techniques with feature extraction techniques to detect presence or absence of incumbent users in the spectrum.

Abstract translation: 通过将干扰抑制技术与特征提取技术组合以检测频谱中现有用户的存在或不存在的频谱感测技术来促进在电视频道频谱的未使用部分中使用空白设备。

公开(公告)号：US20100118695A1

公开(公告)日：2010-05-13

申请号：US12612749

申请日：2009-11-05

Applicant: Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Richard Van Nee

Inventor： Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Richard Van Nee

IPC: H04J3/14

CPC classification number: H04W16/14 ,  H04W8/005

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for detecting presence of a Bluetooth device in the vicinity of a WiFi device by sensing the spectrum of the Bluetooth device using a sequence of energy detection measurements, generating a test statistic based on the measurements and comparing the test statistic to a threshold.

Abstract translation: 本公开的某些方面提供用于通过使用一系列能量检测测量来感测蓝牙设备的频谱来检测WiFi设备附近的蓝牙设备的存在的技术，基于测量产生测试统计量并比较测试 统计到阈值。

公开(公告)号：US6092725A

公开(公告)日：2000-07-25

申请号：US932779

申请日：1997-09-18

Applicant: Jerome Swartz ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Joseph Katz ,  Theo Pavlidis ,  John Woffinden ,  Judith Murrah ,  Edward Beadle ,  Raj Bridgelall

Inventor： Jerome Swartz ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Joseph Katz ,  Theo Pavlidis ,  John Woffinden ,  Judith Murrah ,  Edward Beadle ,  Raj Bridgelall

IPC: G06Q30/00 ,  G07G1/00 ,  G07G3/00 ,  G06K15/00

CPC classification number: G06Q30/06 ,  G07G1/0054 ,  G07G3/003

Abstract: A statistical basis for use in a self-scanning checkout system determines how many items to check in a shopper's shopping cart for incorrect or missing scans as well as which particular or types of items to check to determine if they were properly scanned, if the shopper is determined to be audited. The present invention does not audit every customer, but rather determines whether a given shopper or customer is to be audited on a given shopping trip based upon obtaining a minimum checkout loss for such customer. The methodology determines how many items to check for a given shopper as well as which particular items to check for that shopper. The following factors attempt to model the real world of shopping and may be considered, alone or in varying combinations, in determining the number of items to check for a particular shopping transaction: shopper frequency; queue length; prior audit history; store location; time of day, day of week, date of year; number of times items are returned to shelf during shopping; dwell time between scans; customer loyalty; store shopping activity and other factors. Using statistical decision theory for auditing policies a minimum loss per shopper transaction improves the security and reduces the labor of self-check out without being too intrusive to customers.

公开(公告)号：US10069591B2

公开(公告)日：2018-09-04

申请号：US11969875

申请日：2008-01-04

Applicant: Stephen J. Shellhammer

Inventor： Stephen J. Shellhammer

IPC: H04K3/00 ,  H04B17/24 ,  H04B17/327 ,  H04W8/00

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining if a signal of interest, for example, a licensed signal having or exceeding a predetermined field strength, is present in a wireless spectrum and/or which facilitates such a determination are described. The signal of interest maybe, e.g., a television signal or a wireless microphone signal using licensed television spectrum. The predetermined field strength may be specified or by a government regulation or rule.

公开(公告)号：US09173218B2

公开(公告)日：2015-10-27

申请号：US13286515

申请日：2011-11-01

Applicant: Santosh Paul Abraham ,  Avinash Jain ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Hemanth Sampath

Inventor： Santosh Paul Abraham ,  Avinash Jain ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Hemanth Sampath

IPC: H04W16/14 ,  H04W72/04 ,  H04L5/00 ,  H04W88/06

CPC classification number: H04W72/0453 ,  H04L5/0096 ,  H04W16/14 ,  H04W88/06

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques and apparatus for operating in a television white space (TVWS) network. One example method generally includes receiving, at an apparatus, a message with a field indicating a current version of an unused frequency spectrum map (e.g., a white space map (WSM)), the unused frequency spectrum map indicating channels usable for wireless communications; determining whether the current version of the unused frequency spectrum map is different than a previous version of the unused frequency spectrum map; and using a channel for wireless communications based on the determination. Another example method generally includes accessing a database of available channels for a current location of an apparatus via a neighboring portable or fixed enabling apparatus and enabling one or more portable dependent apparatuses for the wireless communications via one or more of the available channels.

Abstract translation: 本公开的某些方面提供了用于在电视空白（TVWS）网络中操作的技术和装置。 一个示例性方法通常包括在装置处接收具有指示未使用频谱图（例如，空白映射（WSM））的当前版本的字段的消息，该未使用频谱图指示可用于无线通信的信道; 确定当前版本的未使用频谱图是否与未使用的频谱图的先前版本不同; 以及基于该确定使用用于无线通信的信道。 另一示例性方法通常包括经由相邻便携式或固定的启用设备访问设备的当前位置的可用信道的数据库，并且使得一个或多个便携式依赖设备经由一个或多个可用信道实现无线通信。

公开(公告)号：US09055588B2

公开(公告)日：2015-06-09

申请号：US13226101

申请日：2011-09-06

Applicant: Sreeram Kannan ,  Ahmed K. Sadek ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Saurabh Tavildar ,  Nilesh Khude

Inventor： Sreeram Kannan ,  Ahmed K. Sadek ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Saurabh Tavildar ,  Nilesh Khude

IPC: H04B7/00 ,  H04W72/00 ,  H04W72/06 ,  H04W8/00

CPC classification number: H04W72/06 ,  H04W8/005

Abstract: A decentralized approach to peer discovery channel selection is used in some embodiments. In some such embodiments, a mobile wireless terminal supporting a peer to peer signaling protocol, independently determines what channels to use for peer discovery without a central controller indicating the channel or channels to be used. Assuming channels are of a suitable quality, the channels having the best quality need not be identified, with channel selection being made on a predetermined channel ordering basis from those with suitable quality. Different wireless communications devices in the system use the same peer discovery channel selection process making it likely that the same channel or channels will tend to be picked to be used for peer discovery. Other embodiments are directed to implementing a centralized approach to peer discovery channel selection in which a central controller or base station selects channels to be used for peer discovery signaling.

Abstract translation: 在一些实施例中使用分布式对等体发现信道选择方法。 在一些这样的实施例中，支持对等信令协议的移动无线终端独立地确定用于对等体发现的哪些信道，而不指示要使用的信道或信道的中央控制器。 假设信道具有合适的质量，则不需要识别具有最佳质量的信道，其中信道选择是从具有适当质量的信道选择进行的。 系统中的不同的无线通信设备使用相同的对等体发现信道选择过程，使得可能相同的信道或信道将倾向于被选择用于对等体发现。 其他实施例涉及实现对等体发现信道选择的集中式方法，其中中央控制器或基站选择要用于对等体发现信令的信道。

公开(公告)号：US08892050B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-18

申请号：US12858334

申请日：2010-08-17

Applicant: Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Ahmed K. Sadek ,  Wenyi Zhang

Inventor： Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Ahmed K. Sadek ,  Wenyi Zhang

IPC: H04B17/00

CPC classification number: H04B17/0057 ,  H04B17/26 ,  H04B17/318 ,  H04B17/382

Abstract: In general, techniques are described for sensing wireless communications in television frequency bands, which may be implemented by a sensing device comprising a sensing unit, a power spectral density (PSD) estimation unit, a filter unit, a candidate selection unit, an analysis unit and a decision unit. The sensing unit senses a signal in the television frequencies bands. The PSD estimation unit calculates an estimate of a PSD for the sensed signal. The filter unit filters the estimated PSD. The candidate selection unit analyzes the filtered PSD to identify a candidate frequency representative of a potentially in use frequency. The analysis unit computes a test statistic for the candidate frequency. The decision unit compares the test statistic to a threshold to identify whether the candidate frequencies is actively in use by wireless communication devices.

Abstract translation: 通常，描述了用于感测电视频带中的无线通信的技术，其可以由包括感测单元，功率谱密度（PSD）估计单元，滤波器单元，候选选择单元，分析单元 和决策单位。 感测单元感测电视频带中的信号。 PSD估计单元计算感测信号的PSD的估计。 过滤器单元过滤估计的PSD。 候选选择单元分析经滤波的PSD以识别代表潜在使用频率的候选频率。 分析单元计算候选频率的测试统计量。 决策单元将测试统计量与阈值进行比较，以识别候选频率是否被无线通信设备主动使用。

公开(公告)号：US08749714B2

公开(公告)日：2014-06-10

申请号：US12652629

申请日：2010-01-05

Applicant: Ahmed K. Sadek ,  Wenyi Zhang ,  Babak Aryan ,  Vijayalakshimi Raveendran ,  Avinash Jain ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Charles A. Bergan

Inventor： Ahmed K. Sadek ,  Wenyi Zhang ,  Babak Aryan ,  Vijayalakshimi Raveendran ,  Avinash Jain ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Charles A. Bergan

IPC: H04N5/38 ,  H04N5/44

CPC classification number: H04H20/33 ,  H04H20/30 ,  H04H60/07 ,  H04L5/005 ,  H04L5/0062 ,  H04N5/4401 ,  H04W16/14

Abstract: White space signals are differentiated from licensed ATSC signals through modification of a waveform of the white space signal. White space signals may be modified by shifting the ATSC-compatible waveform so that the pilot frequency of the white space signal is at a location outside of the frequency range associated with the pilot frequency in a licensed ATSC signal or embedding a watermark signal into said ATSC-like white space signals. White space device transmitters generate the signals with these modifications and white space receivers are equipped to detect whether a pilot exists in the standard licensed pilot frequencies. Based on these differences, white space devices can better operate without interfering with licensed ATSC transmission. Additionally, the modification techniques may be used to embed data in the white space signal that may be used to communicate connection data or networking data to other white space devices.

Abstract translation: 通过修改白空间信号的波形，白色空间信号与许可的ATSC信号区分开来。 可以通过移动ATSC兼容波形来修改白色空间信号，使得白色空间信号的导频位于与授权的ATSC信号中与导频频率相关联的频率范围之外的位置，或者将水印信号嵌入到所述ATSC 像空白信号。 白色空间设备发射机通过这些修改产生信号，并配备白空间接收机，以检测在标准许可的导频中是否存在导频。 基于这些差异，白色空间设备可以更好地操作而不干扰授权的ATSC传输。 此外，修改技术可以用于将数据嵌入到可用于将连接数据或联网数据传送到其他空白设备的空白信号中。

公开(公告)号：US08600312B2

公开(公告)日：2013-12-03

申请号：US12693284

申请日：2010-01-25

Applicant: Zhi Quan ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Wenyi Zhang

Inventor： Zhi Quan ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Wenyi Zhang

IPC: H04B17/00

CPC classification number: H04L27/0006

Abstract: An apparatus for wireless communication includes a processing system. The processing system is configured to estimate a power spectral density of a first signal. In addition, the processing system is configured to determine a normalized correlation detector between the estimated power spectral density and a known power spectral density of a second signal. Furthermore, the processing system is configured to determine whether the first signal contains the second signal based on the normalized correlation detector.

Abstract translation: 一种用于无线通信的装置包括处理系统。 处理系统被配置为估计第一信号的功率谱密度。 此外，处理系统被配置为确定估计的功率谱密度和第二信号的已知功率谱密度之间的归一化相关检测器。 此外，处理系统被配置为基于归一化相关检测器来确定第一信号是否包含第二信号。

公开(公告)号：US08494513B2

公开(公告)日：2013-07-23

申请号：US12553955

申请日：2009-09-03

Applicant: Yong Jin Kim ,  Lakshminath R. Dondeti ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Wenyi Zhang

Inventor： Yong Jin Kim ,  Lakshminath R. Dondeti ,  Stephen J. Shellhammer ,  Wenyi Zhang

IPC: H04W24/00

CPC classification number: H04W24/00 ,  H04W72/02 ,  H04W72/082 ,  H04W84/18

Abstract: A spatio-temporal random voting scheme is provided that incorporates location distribution, spatial randomness, and temporal randomness in the collection of information from a plurality of sensing devices within the cognitive network. The region is divided into a plurality of sectors, where each sector is a portion of the region. A subset of sectors is selected from the plurality of sectors in the region to provide spatial randomness. A device is randomly selected from each sector in the subset of sectors to provide additional spatial randomness to the information collection process. Temporal randomness may be introduced by randomly selecting a timeslot within a sensing window period in which devices are to scan a frequency spectrum band to determine if a signal energy above a threshold is detected. Sensing reports are then collected from the selected sensing devices and used to determine whether the frequency spectrum band is available or in use.