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    Process for preparing the threo- and erythro-isomers of 1-phenyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
    51.
    发明授权
    Process for preparing the threo- and erythro-isomers of 1-phenyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol 失效
    制备1-苯基-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇的苏式和异构体的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4123615A

    公开(公告)日：1978-10-31

    申请号：US771369

    申请日：1977-02-23

    Applicant: Laszlo Levai ,  Gyula Mikite

    Inventor： Laszlo Levai ,  Gyula Mikite

    IPC: C07B61/00 ,  B01J23/00 ,  C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/16 ,  C07C205/14 ,  C07C205/16 ,  C07C76/02

    CPC classification number: C07C201/12 ,  C07C201/16

    Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for producing the threo- and erythro-isomers of 1-phenyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol through the aldol-type alkaline condensation of benzaldehyde and nitroethanol, wherein the reaction mixture is acidified and, if desired, the isomers are separated from the obtained isomer mixture and the obtained isomers are transformed into each other through epimerization, characterized in that the condensation and, if desired, also the epimerization are carried out in the presence of catalytical amounts of an alkaline hydroxide.The process according to the invention makes it possible to produce 1-phenyl-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, an intermediate of the antibiotic chloramphenicol, in high yields, and in an extremely advantageous way which can be carried out simply and economically even on an industrial scale.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种通过苯甲醛和硝基乙醇的醛醇型碱性缩合生产1-苯基-2-硝基-1,3-丙二醇的苏 - 和红 - 异构体的新方法，其中反应混合物被酸化， 如果需要，将异构体与获得的异构体混合物分离，所得异构体通过差向异构体彼此转化，其特征在于缩合反应，如果需要，还可以在催化量的碱性氢氧化物存在下进行差向异构化 。

    Process for inhibiting polymerization of styrene during distillation
    52.
    发明授权
    Process for inhibiting polymerization of styrene during distillation 失效
    在蒸馏期间抑制苯乙烯聚合的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4033829A

    公开(公告)日：1977-07-05

    申请号：US640360

    申请日：1975-12-15

    Applicant: Thomas D. Higgins, Jr. ,  Raymond A. Newsom

    Inventor： Thomas D. Higgins, Jr. ,  Raymond A. Newsom

    IPC: C07C7/20 ,  C07C201/16 ,  B01D3/32 ,  C07C15/10

    CPC classification number: C08F2/40 ,  C07C201/16 ,  C07C7/20 ,  C08J3/241

    Abstract: Styrene is inhibited against polymerization during the distillation thereof by incorporating therein, in an amount sufficient to inhibit polymerization thereof, the dinitrophenol solution recovered from styrene still residues or tars resulting from the distillation of styrene in the presence of dinitrophenol. The recovered dinitrophenol solution is a more effective polymerization inhibitor than dinitrophenol per se.

    Abstract translation: 苯乙烯在蒸馏期间被抑制聚合，其中以足以抑制其聚合的量，通过在二硝基苯酚存在下由苯乙烯蒸馏得到的苯乙烯残渣或焦油回收的二硝基苯酚溶液。 回收的二硝基苯酚溶液是比二硝基苯酚本身更有效的阻聚剂。

    Method in the recovery of trinitro-methane(nitroform) from a mixture of trinitromethane, nitric acid and water
    54.
    发明授权
    Method in the recovery of trinitro-methane(nitroform) from a mixture of trinitromethane, nitric acid and water 失效
    从三硝基甲烷，硝酸和水的混合物中回收三硝基甲烷（硝基甲基）的方法

    公开(公告)号：US3880941A

    公开(公告)日：1975-04-29

    申请号：US35699173

    申请日：1973-04-30

    Applicant: NIRTO NOBEL AB

    Inventor： DAVEGARDH CARL AUGUST RAGNAR ,  WETTERHOLM GUSTAV ALLAN

    IPC: C07C205/16 ,  C07C79/14

    CPC classification number: C07C201/16 ,  C07C205/02

    Abstract: A method in the recovery of trinitromethane in the form of an aqueous solution from a solution containing nitric acid, water and trinitromethane, the solution containing a smaller quantity of nitric acid than that corresponding to the nitric acid content of an azeotropic mixture of nitric acid, water and trinitromethane, wherein it is ensured that the solution contains so much water that the distilled mixture of trinitromethane and water obtains a content of approximately 35 % or lower trinitromethane and a content of approximately 65 % or more water, and the remaining nitric acid solution obtains a composition of approximately 67 % nitric acid (HNO3) and approximately 33 % water (maximum azeotrope in the system nitric acid-water).

    Abstract translation: 从含有硝酸，水和三硝基甲烷的溶液中以水溶液形式回收三硝基甲烷的方法，该溶液的硝酸含量比硝酸，硝酸， 水和三硝基甲烷，其中确保溶液含有如此多的水，三硝基甲烷和水的蒸馏混合物获得约35％或更低的三硝基甲烷含量，含量约65％或更多的水，剩余的硝酸溶液 获得约67％硝酸（HNO 3）和约33％水（体系硝酸 - 水中的最大共沸物）的组成。

    Apparatus for processing hexanitrostilbene
    55.
    发明授权
    Apparatus for processing hexanitrostilbene 失效
    用于加工HEXANITROSTILBENE的装置

    公开(公告)号：US3832142A

    公开(公告)日：1974-08-27

    申请号：US28333372

    申请日：1972-08-24

    Applicant: DEL MAR ENG LAB

    Inventor： SYROP L

    IPC: B01D11/04 ,  C07C201/16 ,  G01N25/14 ,  B01D5/00

    CPC classification number: C07C201/16 ,  B01D11/04 ,  B01J2219/1942 ,  G01N25/14 ,  C07C205/06

    Abstract: AN IMPROVED APPARATUS IS PROVIDED FOR PROCESSING THE EXPLOSIVE KNOWN AS HEXANITROSTILBENE (HNS) FROM A FORM KNOWN AS HNS-I INTO A FORM KNOWN AS HNS-II, TO PROVIDE A REFINED PRODUCT WITH A UNIQUE CRYSTAL FORM SO AS TO FACILITATE HANDLING OF THE MATERIAL. THE APPARATUS OF THE INVENTION USES AN IMPROVED EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE INVOLVING THE USE OF A SOLUTION OF ACETONITRILE IN WHICH HNS-I IS SOLUBLE AND XYLENE IN WHICH HNS IS INSOLUBEL FOR REFINING THE HNS-I INTO AN IMPROVED TYPE OF HNS-II.

    Nitration of phenol using recycle acid
    56.
    发明授权
    Nitration of phenol using recycle acid 失效
    使用回收酸的酚的硝化

    公开(公告)号：US3642913A

    公开(公告)日：1972-02-15

    申请号：US3642913D

    申请日：1970-02-13

    Applicant: AMERICAN CYANAMID CO

    Inventor： CALLISTER JOHN DAVID ,  CARLILE CLAYTON GEORGE

    IPC: C07C205/22 ,  C07C79/26

    CPC classification number: C07C201/16 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/22

    Abstract: THE PROBLEM OF TAR BUILD-UP IN THE PROCESS OF NITRATING PHENOL TO PRODUCE PREDOMINANTLY P-NITROPHENOL COMPRISING ADDING THE PHENOL TO A MIXED ACID SOLUTION HAVING DEFINED CONCENTRATIONS OF H2SO4, HNO3 AND HNO2 ACIDS, SEPARATING THE PRECIPITATED NITROPHENOL PRODUCT, RECONSTITUTING THE SPENT ACID SOLUTION AND RECYCLING IT TO THE NITRATION STEP OF THE PROCESS, IS EFFECTIVELY COUNTERACTED BY THE ADDITION OF A DEFINED MINOR PROPORTION OF A CARBOXYLIC ACID OF A DEFINED TYPE, SUCH AS ACETIC ACID, TO THE RECONSTITUTED MIXED ACID SOLUTION PRIOR TO RECYCLE THEREOF TO THE NITRATION STEP OF THE PROCESS.

    Purification of nitroethane by azeotropic distillation with n-heptane or isooctane
    57.
    发明授权
    Purification of nitroethane by azeotropic distillation with n-heptane or isooctane 失效
    用N-异丙醇或ISOOCTANE通过亚硝酸盐蒸馏纯化硝基苯

    公开(公告)号：US3480517A

    公开(公告)日：1969-11-25

    申请号：US3480517D

    申请日：1968-08-26

    Applicant: COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS CORP

    Inventor： TINDALL JOHN B

    IPC: C07C201/16 ,  B01D3/36 ,  C07C79/14

    CPC classification number: C07C201/16 ,  C07C205/02

    Abstract: 1,219,738. Separation of nitroethane from other nitroalkanes. COMMERCIAL SOLVENTS CORP. 9 July, 1969 [26 Aug., 1968], No. 34621/69. Heading C2C. Nitroethane is separated from a mixture with one or more other nitroalkanes, including nitromethane and 2-nitropropane by (a) mixing the nitroalkane mixture with a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having 7 or 8 carbon atoms; (b) distilling the mixture to form a distillate consisting of an upper layer and a lower layer comprising nitroethane, nitromethane and the hydrocarbon; (c) returning the upper layer to the distillation step; and (d) redistilling the lower layer until separation of the nitromethane and the hydrocarbon has been effected, thereby producing, as a distillation residue, purified nitroethane. The aliphatic hydrocarbon is preferably n-heptane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane or 2,3,4-trimethylpentane.

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