Abstract:
Apparatus and method for introducing ion-exchange and other particulates into certain compartments of an assembled electrodeionization stack comprising flowing a slurry of said particulates into the compartments while employing strainers for particulate retention so as to form a packed bed in the compartments; also apparatus and method for flowing said particulates out of said stack in the form of a slurry.
Abstract:
A process is provided for removing organics and ions from liquid. Water to be purified is first exposed to ultraviolet(UV) radiation to oxidize organics in the liquid. The UV-treated water then is passed through an electrodeionization apparatus having an ion depletion compartment containing mixed anion and cation exchange resin beads and an ion concentration compartment in a given separation stage having an anode and a cathode. A second liquid is passed through the concentration compartment which is free of or filled with ion exchange resin beads. Ions under the influence of D.C. potential pass from the depletion compartments into the concentration compartments through ion permeable membranes. The electrodeionization apparatus can be operated continuously in conjunction with the UV radiation step since resin regeneration is not required.
Abstract:
A compact water purification device which is made of concentrically mounted components is provided according to the invention. An anode with a fluid passageway through its interior to provide an anode fluid path is used. A anionic support member is concentrically mounted about the anode and a anionic membrane is mounted to the exterior of the anionic support member. A first fluid passageway between the anionic membrane and the anode is provided. A bead is concentrically mounted about the anionic support member to provide a water purification path and to hold the ion exchange resins therein for contact with the water in the water purification path. Fluid communication is maintained between the water purification path and the anionic membrane. A cationic membrane is concentrically mounted about the exterior of the bead box. Fluid communication is provided between the water purification path and the cationic membrane. A cathode is concentrically mounted about the cationic membrane. A passageway is provided between the cationic membrane and the cathode to define a second fluid passageway. An anolyte waste stream through said anode fluid path and through said first fluid passageway is provided as well as a catholyte waste stream. The resulting device provides a compact effective water purification unit.
Abstract:
An electrochemical extraction method comprises establishing a cell of the form working electrode: flowing aqueous electrolyte solution: second electrode. The working electrode includes an ion exchange material and the second electrode may include ion exchange material. D.C. potential is applied to the cell to adsorb ions onto the working electrode and cell polarity is subsequently reversed to elute the adsorbed ions.The cell is separated by a cell divider, e.g. in the form of an ion selective membrane, into first and second electrolyte compartments and the solution is passed through the compartment adjacent the working electrode to effect adsorption and, where the second electrode includes ion exchange material, solution is passed through the compartment adjacent the second electrode to effect desorption.
Abstract:
An electrode for use in electrochemical deionization comprises a current feeder support carrying an intimate mixture of an ion exchange material, and a binder.The electrode is provided with an inert, electrolyte-permeable outer envelope, adhered to the mixture, for maintaining the mixture in contact with the current feeder during use of the electrode in electrochemical ion exchange. The envelope may be in the form of a non-woven polyamide cloth and may be provided with an outer restrainer, e.g. in the form of a metal or plastics mesh.
Abstract:
A METHOD OF SEPARATION OF IONS FROM A SOLUTION, CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE SOLUTION TO BE TREATED IS PASSED THROUGH A BED OF AT LEAST ONE TYPE OF RESIN IN WHICH IS PRODUCED AN ELECTRIC FIELD SUBSTANTIALLY AT RIGHT ANGELS TO THE DIRECTION OF PROPAGATION OF SAID SOLUTION, THE GEOMETRY OF THE RESIN BED, THE COMPOSTION OF THE BED, THE CONDUCTIVITY OF THE SOLUTION AND THE POTENIAL DIFFERENCE WHICH EXISTS BETWEEN
THE POLES OF THE ELECTRIC FIELD CHOSEN SO THAT THE IONS WHICH ARE BE REMOVED FROM THE SOLUTION TRANSPORT THE CURRENT BY PASSING ESSENTIALLY TROUGH THE RESIN, AND THAT SAID IONS ARE COLLECTED CONTINUOUSLY ON THE SIDE CORRESPONDING TO THE POLE WHICH IS OF OPPOSITE SIGN TO THAT OF THE IONS TO BE REMOVED.
Abstract:
THE PRESENT INVENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE REDUCTION OF MULTIVALENT CATIONS IN ACIDIC SOLUTIONS, SUCH AS PHOSPHATE SOLUTIONS, TO A LOWER OXIDATION STATE BY ELECTROLYSIS OF THE SOLUTION AND CAPTURE OF THE CATION IN SAID LOWER OXIDATION STATE BY AN ION EXCHANGE RESIN.
Abstract:
A dual-membrane on-line generator for an acid or alkali solution is provided, including an upper electrolytic cell body (3), a middle electrolytic cell body (4) and a lower electrolytic cell body (5) which are clamped by an upper fastening steel plate (1) and a lower fastening steel plate (2), an upper regeneration liquid channel (A), a middle eluent channel (B) and a lower regeneration liquid channel (C) being provided on the middle electrolytic cell body (4).
Abstract:
A liquid treatment process is described for sequential removal of ionic species of progressively decreasing ionic strength without precipitation or “scaling.” An embodiment of the invention includes dual electrodeionization operations. The first electrodeionization operation is performed at a voltage calculated to remove strongly ionized species such as calcium and magnesium from the feed water without scaling. The product of the first electrodeionization operation is then subjected to a second electrodeionization operation. The second electrodeionization operation is performed at a voltage greater than the first electrodeionization operation, and is designed to remove more weakly ionized species such as silica and atmospheric carbon dioxide. The danger of precipitation or “scaling” normally present during electrodeionization of weakly ionized species is not present in this invention, because the strongly ionized species responsible for scaling at higher voltages have already been removed from the feed stream through the first electrodeionization operation. More than two successive electrodeionization operations may be performed if desired. Multiple electrodeionization operations may occur in a single electrodeionization stack or in multiple electrodeionization stacks.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for producing purified water. Treated water may be provided for domestic use wherein the water may be treated by removing selected dissolved species while retaining properties that may improve the properties or aesthetics of the water.