Abstract:
The present invention relates to an amplifier comprising a first amplification circuit (1) formed of a first transistor (10) and a second amplification circuit (2) formed of a second transistor (11), wherein a first filter (3) having a desired pass-band and a desired attenuation band is connected between the output section of the foregoing first amplification circuit (1) and the input section of the foregoing second amplification circuit (2), thereby reducing noises in the output.
Abstract:
In a Levenson photomask design method of partially forming a plurality of opening patterns for passing incident light in a light-shielding film for shielding the incident light, and arranging, on some patterns, phase shifters, line segment pairs of different patterns which are adjacent to each other within a predetermined distance R are extracted in units of line segments obtained by dividing the patterns. A pattern within a predetermined distance S from the central point of the opposite region of a line segment pair of interest in a direction perpendicular to the line segments is obtained. The obtained pattern is subjected to a process simulation to obtain resolution easiness representing the easiness in resolving the adjacent patterns. On the basis of the resolution easiness obtained for the adjacent pattern pair within the distance R, a phase shifter is arranged in ascending order of resolution easiness to give a phase difference. Resolution suitable for the exposure condition used can be obtained by a simple method. When the shifter arrangement is determined in consideration of the resolution easiness, a high-resolution shifter arrangement can be realized for a Levenson phase shift mask.
Abstract:
A single stranded nucleic acid probe having a base sequence complementary to the gene to be detected is immobilized onto the surface of an electrode or the tip of an optical fiber, and the nucleic probe is reacted with the gene sample denatured to a single stranded form, and then the nucleic acid probe hybridized with the gene is detected. In this procedure, to the reaction system consisting of the nucleic acid probe and the gene sample, a double stranded nucleic acid recognizing substance capable of binding specifically to the double stranded nucleic acid and being active electrochemically or optically is added. The detection of the nucleic acid probe is conducted by electrochemical or optical determination utilizing the electrode or optical fiber mentioned above. By this method, safer and more convenient detection of the gene is possible at a higher sensitivity even in a reduced time period.
Abstract:
A method for designing a phase-shifting mask in a manner that a phase shifter of the mask is arranged so that a phase difference between light transmitted through clear areas with the phase shifter and light transmitted through clear areas without the phase shifter is set to 180.degree. or further different combination of phase differences being such as 0.degree., 90.degree. and 270.degree.. The method includes the steps of: defining a threshold value in a manner that the threshold value falls within a range which is possible to resolve using the phase-shifting masks; measuring a distance between neighboring shapes of the clear area; storing adjacent relationship of the neighboring shapes whose distance is less than the threshold; and automatically placing the phase shifter on one of the neighboring shapes of the clear areas in a manner that mutually neighboring clear area have an opposite phase to each other.
Abstract:
Amorphous alloys having an extremely high corrosion resistance comprise Cr and at least one element selected from Ta and Nb, as essential components, and are spontaneously passive owing to the formation of stable protective films, even in very corrosive environments such as poorly oxidizing concentrated hydrochloric acid. The amorphous alloy may further include one or more elements appropriately selected from other alloying elements of Al, Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo and W. The amorphous alloys have advantageous properties, such as very high corrosion resistance, high corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures and high wear resistance, and, therefore are useful in chemical plants or other industrial and domestic applications.
Abstract:
An amorphous alloy which is resistant to hot corrosion in sulfidizing and oxidizing atmospheres at high temperatures, consisting of at least one element selected from the group of Al and Cr and at least one element selected from refractory metals of Mo. W, Nb and Ta, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Ti, Zr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu. The addition of Si further improves the alloy's oxidation resistance.
Abstract:
Highly active amorphous alloy catalysts for use in decomposing of flons into hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid and carbon dioxide by the reaction of flons with water, consist of at least one element selected from the group of Ni and Co, at least one element selected from the group of Nb, Ta, Ti and Zr, which are effective for the formation of the amorphous structure by coexisting with at least one element selected from the group of Ni and Co, and at least one element selected from the group of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, which are necessary for the high catalytic activity. The alloys are activated by immersion into hydrofluoric acids.
Abstract:
An amorphous aluminum-valve metal alloy with special characteristics such as high corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and considerable toughness, consisting of Al and at least one element selected from valve metals of Ti and Zr, a portion of the set forth refractory metals being allowed to be substituted with at least one element selected from Mo, W, Ta and Nb.
Abstract:
Electrode materials and method for their surface activation are described. Alloys consisting of at least one element of the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Ti and Zr, at least one element of the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt, and balance being Ni are prepared by methods for preparation of amorphous alloys, and are amorphous or supersaturated solid solution. Their surfaces are activated to enhance electrocatalytic activity by enrichment of electrocatalytically active platinum group elements in the surface region in addition to surface roughening as a result of selective dissolution of Ni, Nb, Ta, Ti and Zr from the alloys during immersion in corrosive solutions. The surface-activated amorphous and supersaturated solid solution alloys possess high electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for a specific reaction as well as high corrosion resistance.
Abstract:
A highly corrosion-resistant amorphous Ni-Cu-Ti-Ta, Ni-Cu-Ti-Nb and Ni-Cu-Ti-Ta-Nb alloys in which the sum of Ti and Ta and/or Nb is 30-62.5 atomic %.