Abstract:
A metal ion eluting unit according to the present invention includes: a plurality of electrodes 102 and 103; a drive circuit (not shown) that applies a voltage between the electrodes; and a control circuit (not shown) that controls the drive circuit so that the drive circuit periodically reverses the polarity of the voltage applied between the electrodes, operates, from every time the polarity of the voltage applied between the electrodes is reversed until a predetermined period elapses, in a first current mode in which the value of a current flowing between the electrodes equals a first value, and operates, thereafter, in a second current mode in which the value of the current flowing between the electrodes equals a second current value different from the first current value. According to this configuration, metal ions can be efficiently and stably eluted for a prolonged period of time.
Abstract:
An electrolytic facility includes an electrolyzing circuit coupled to an electrode chamber for conducting an electrolyzing operation, a pulse generating circuit coupled to the electrode chamber for generating pulses to kill germs and to remove fouling in the electrode chamber, and a switch device for selectively switching on the electrolyzing circuit or the pulse generating circuit. The pulses generated by the pulse generating circuit are preferably periodically generated in equal time interval, and preferably include a voltage contrary to the electrolyzing voltage for conducting the electrolyzing operation.
Abstract:
The invention features a flow-through capacitor system that achieves enhanced power efficiency by sequential control and actuation of at least two or more flow-through capacitor cells within the flow-through capacitor system. Alternatively or in addition, power efficiency is enhanced by integrating the purification stages of the system, for example, by placing more than one cell within a single cell casing. Preferably, integrated stage flow-through capacitors are controlled sequentially.
Abstract:
A system for elimination of unwanted species from contaminated ship ballast water. The apparatus comprises an electrolytic cell containing at least one pair of electrodes, electric alternating current, and parallel perforated electrodes, for providing an effective and safe method to render ballast water or other conductive bodies of water free of aquatic invasive species and/or unwanted biologics.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for purifying water by forming in an electrolytic cell molecular halogen, hypohalic acid, hypohalite ions or combinations thereof, from halide ions dissolved in the water; and dissolving one or more soluble metal salts in the water to provide corresponding metal ions. The invention also relates to a system for purifying water, having an electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of electrodes sufficient to electrolytically convert halide ion in the water into molecular halogen, hypohalic acid, or hypohalite ions, or combinations thereof; and a metal generator, which provides concentrations of one or more metals to the water.
Abstract:
A system for elimination of unwanted species from contaminated ship ballast water. The apparatus comprises an electrolytic cell containing at least one pair of electrodes, electric alternating current, and parallel perforated electrodes, for providing an effective and safe method to render ballast water or other conductive bodies of water free of aquatic invasive species and/or unwanted biologics.
Abstract:
In an ion elution unit, a drive circuit applies a voltage between electrodes to elute metal ions from the electrodes. Polarities of the electrodes are reversed cyclically with a voltage application halt period placed in-between. A current detection circuit detects the current flowing between the electrodes. A check of operation of the current detection circuit is carried out before the application of a voltage to the electrodes is started. The operation of the current detection circuit is started when a predetermined period of time passes after the application of a voltage to the electrodes is started.
Abstract:
An improved chlorination system for pools, spas, potable water supplies, and the like, provides a vertically oriented electrolytic cell connected between a pump and a lightly salinated pool. The cell preferably contains a metallic electrode, such as titanium, and a precious metal coated titanium electrode, and has means for passing an electric current through the cell. The present invention further provides a novel electrode stack design, conducive for forming an efficient chlorinator comprising a plurality of interconnecting electrode stacks of separate electrical cells.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an electrolytic device for disinfecting water in a water supply system using active chlorine, comprising an electrolytic cell having electrodes and a generator driven by the water, a part of the water being guided through the electrolytic cell and at least a part of the feeding of the electrolytic cell being guided through a salt dosing device containing a compound capable of supplying chloride ions to the water.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for producing purified water. An electrochemical system can be configured to pass product water through depletion compartments as well as a cathode compartment. An electrochemical apparatus may also be configured to pass concentrate through both concentrating compartments and an anode compartment.