Abstract:
A transmission mode photocathode comprises: an optically transparent substrate having an outside face to which light is incident, and an inside face from which the light incident to the outside face side is output; a photoelectric conversion layer disposed on the inside face side of the optically transparent substrate and configured to convert the light output from the inside face into a photoelectron or photoelectrons; and an optically-transparent electroconductive layer comprising graphene, and disposed between the optically transparent substrate and the photoelectric conversion layer.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a photocathode having a structure that permits a decrease in the radiant sensitivity at low temperatures is suppressed so that the S/N ratio is improved. In the photocathode, a light absorbing layer is formed on the upper layer of a substrate. An electron emitting layer is formed on the upper layer of the light absorbing layer. A contact layer having a striped-shape is formed on the upper layer of the electron emitting layer. A surface electrode composed of metal is formed on the surface of the contact layer. The interval between bars in the contact layer is adjusted so as to become 0.2 μm or more but 2 μm or less.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a photocathode having a structure that permits a decrease in the radiant sensitivity at low temperatures is suppressed so that the S/N ratio is improved. In the photocathode, a light absorbing layer is formed on the upper layer of a substrate. An electron emitting layer is formed on the upper layer of the light absorbing layer. A contact layer having a striped-shape is formed on the upper layer of the electron emitting layer. A surface electrode composed of metal is formed on the surface of the contact layer. The interval between bars in the contact layer is adjusted so as to become 0.2 μm or more but 2 μm or less.
Abstract:
Ultraviolet light incident from the side of a surface layer 5 passes through the surface layer 5 to reach an optical absorption layer 4. Light which reaches the optical absorption layer 4 is absorbed within the optical absorption layer 4, and photoelectrons are generated within the optical absorption layer 4. Photoelectrons diffuse within the optical absorption layer 4, and reach the interface between the optical absorption layer 4 and the surface layer 5. Because the energy band is curved in the vicinity of the interface between the optical absorption layer 4 and surface layer 5, the energy of the photoelectrons is larger than the electron affinity in the surface layer 5, and so photoelectrons are easily ejected to the outside. Here, the optical absorption layer 4 is formed from an Al0.3Ga0.7N layer with an Mg content concentration of not less than 2×1019 cm−3 but not more than 1×1020 cm−3, so that a solar-blind type semiconductor photocathode 1 with high quantum efficiency is obtained.
Abstract translation:从表面层5侧入射的紫外光通过表层5到达光吸收层4.到达光吸收层4的光被吸收在光吸收层4内,并且在光吸收中产生光电子 光电子在光吸收层4内扩散,并到达光吸收层4和表面层5之间的界面。因为能带在光吸收层4和表面层5之间的界面附近弯曲 ,光电子的能量大于表面层5中的电子亲和力,因此光电子容易被排出到外部。 这里,光吸收层4由Mg含量浓度不小于2×10 19 cm -3但不大于1×10 20 cm -3的Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 N层形成,因此 得到具有高量子效率的太阳能型半导体光电阴极1。
Abstract:
A transferred-electron photocathode or other opto-electronic device having one light-receiving side and one electronic side, in which multiple photocathodes are processed concurrently on a wafer for front and back side contacts and anti-reflection layers. After the wafer-level processing, the individual cells are diced, and each is placed in a rectangular recess formed in a window body with the light-receptive part of the photocathode facing the window. The integration is aided by several novel processes including coining a chip recess into a window, selective etching of titanium over chromium, and using a single metal sheet member for electrically contacting the photocathode, forming part of the vacuum envelope, and providing an exterior electrical tab.
Abstract:
A photomultiplier includes a cathode supporting member, arranged in a tube and comprised of a conductive material, for holding a photocathode, and a holding mechanism, comprised of a heat conductive material, for biasing the cathode holding member to hold it. The holding mechanism is thermally connected to a cooler.
Abstract:
A photomultiplier includes a cathode supporting member, arranged in a tube and comprised of a conductive material, for holding a photocathode, and a holding mechanism, comprised of a heat conductive material, for biasing the cathode holding member to hold it. The holding mechanism is thermally connected to a cooler.
Abstract:
A photoelectric emission surface which is excellent in stability and reproducibility of photoelectric conversion characteristics and has a structure capable of obtaining a high photosensitivity is provided. A predetermined voltage is applied between an upper surface electrode and a lower surface electrode by a battery. Upon application of this voltage, a p-n junction formed between a contact layer and an electron emission layer is reversely biased. A depletion layer extends from the p-n junction into the photoelectric emission surface, and an electric field is formed in the electron emission layer and a light absorbing layer in a direction for accelerating photoelectrons. When incident light is absorbed in the light absorbing layer to excite photoelectrons, the photoelectrons are accelerated by the electric field toward the emission surface. The photoelectrons obtain an energy upon this electric field acceleration, and are transited, in the electron emission layer, to a conduction band at a higher energy level, and emitted into a vacuum.
Abstract:
A transparent photocathode comprises a silver layer formed on a transparent substrate, comprising silver particles having an average diameter of 80 to 200 nm, and a silver oxide layer, potassium layer, and a cesium layer. As a result of the silver layer comprising silver particles having dispersive diameters, the transparent photocathode can selectively achieve high sensitivity to an infrared region of near 1.5 .mu.m wavelength.
Abstract:
A high performance reflection type photocathode for use in a photomultiplier tube is formed by sequentially depositing three layers on a substrate made of nickel. The first layer is made of either one of chromium, manganese and magnesium as a major component and is deposited over the substrate. The second layer is made of aluminum as a major component and is deposited over the first layer. The third layer is made of antimony and at least one kind of alkaline metals and is deposited over the second layer.