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    Oxygen-assisted water gas shift reactor having a supported catalyst, and method for its use
    72.
    发明申请
    Oxygen-assisted water gas shift reactor having a supported catalyst, and method for its use 失效
    具有负载催化剂的氧辅助水煤气变换反应器及其使用方法

    公开(公告)号：US20030026747A1

    公开(公告)日：2003-02-06

    申请号：US09919290

    申请日：2001-07-31

    Inventor： Tianli Zhu ,  Ronald G. Silver ,  Sean C. Emerson ,  Richard J. Bellows

    IPC: B01J008/04

    CPC classification number: B01J8/0492 ,  B01J8/0457 ,  B01J2208/00407 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/0004 ,  C01B3/16 ,  C01B2203/0227 ,  C01B2203/0288 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/1011 ,  C01B2203/1041 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1094 ,  C01B2203/12 ,  H01M8/0618 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  H01M8/0668

    Abstract: A shift converter, or reactor, (16HT, 16LT) in a fuel processing subsystem (14, 16HT, 16LT, 18), as for a fuel cell (12), uses an improved catalyst bed (34, 50) and the addition of oxygen (40, 40A, 40B, 40C, 40D, 41A, 41B, 41C, 41D) to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide in a process gas stream. The catalyst of bed (34, 50) is a metal, preferably a noble metal, having a promoted support of metal oxide, preferably ceria and/or zirconia. A water gas shift reaction converts carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. The oxygen may be introduced as air, and causes an improvement in carbon monoxide removal. Use of the added oxygen enables the shift reactor (16HT, 16LT) and its catalyst bed (34, 50) to be relatively more compact for performing a given level of carbon monoxide conversion. The catalyst bed (34, 50) obviates the requirement for prior reducing of catalysts, and minimizes the need to protect the catalyst from oxygen during operation and/or shutdown.

    Abstract translation: 在燃料加工子系统（14,16HT，16LT，18）中，对于燃料电池（12），变速器或反应器（16HT，16LT）使用改进的催化剂床（34,50） 氧（40,40A，40B，40C，40D，41A，41B，41C，41D）以减少处理气流中的一氧化碳的量。 床（34,50）的催化剂是金属，优选贵金属，其具有促进的金属氧化物，优选二氧化铈和/或氧化锆的载体。 水煤气变换反应将一氧化碳转化为二氧化碳。 氧气可以作为空气引入，并且导致一氧化碳去除的改善。 使用添加的氧气使得变换反应器（16HT，16LT）及其催化剂床（34,50）能够相对更紧凑以执行给定水平的一氧化碳转化。 催化剂床（34,50）消除了先前还原催化剂的需要，并且最小化在操作和/或停机期间保护催化剂免受氧气的需要。

    Process and plant
    73.
    发明申请
    Process and plant 有权
    工艺和植物

    公开(公告)号：US20020198267A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-12-26

    申请号：US10158752

    申请日：2002-05-30

    Inventor： Philip Henry Donald Eastland

    IPC: C07C027/06 ,  B01J008/04

    CPC classification number: C12C11/02 ,  B01J8/0407 ,  B01J8/043 ,  B01J8/0442 ,  B01J8/0449 ,  B01J8/0488 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C07C31/04

    Abstract: A reactor system, plant and a process for the production of methanol from synthesis gas is described in which the reactor system comprises: (a) a first reactor adapted to be maintained under methanol synthesis conditions having inlet means for supply of synthesis gas and outlet means for recovery of a first methanol-containing stream, said first reactor being charged with a first volume of a methanol synthesis catalyst through which the synthesis gas flows and on which in use, partial conversion of the synthesis gas to a product gas mixture comprising methanol and un-reacted synthesis gas will occur adiabatically; and (b) a second reactor adapted to be maintained under methanol synthesis conditions having inlet means for supply of the gaseous first methanol-containing stream, outlet means for recovery of a second methanol-containing stream and cooling means, said second reactor being charged with a second volume of a methanol synthesis catalyst through which the gaseous first methanol-containing stream flows and on which, in use, further conversion of the synthesis gas to a product gas mixture comprising methanol will occur.

    Abstract translation: 描述了一种用于从合成气生产甲醇的反应器系统，设备和方法，其中反应器系统包括：（a）适于在甲醇合成条件下保持的第一反应器，其具有用于供应合成气和出口装置的入口装置 用于回收第一含甲醇的物流，所述第一反应器装有第一体积的合成气体流过甲醇合成催化剂，在使用中，合成气部分转化成包含甲醇的产物气体混合物， 未反应的合成气将绝热发生; 和（b）适于在甲醇合成条件下保持的第二反应器，其具有用于供应气体的第一含甲醇流的入口装置，用于回收第二含甲醇流和冷却装置的出口装置，所述第二反应器装有 第二体积的甲醇合成催化剂，气态第一含甲醇流通过该催化剂流动，并且在使用中将进一步将合成气转化为包含甲醇的产物气体混合物。

    Rapid startup of fuel processor using water adsorption
    74.
    发明申请
    Rapid startup of fuel processor using water adsorption 失效
    使用吸水快速启动燃油处理器

    公开(公告)号：US20020168306A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-11-14

    申请号：US09853398

    申请日：2001-05-14

    Inventor： Craig S. Gittleman

    IPC: B01J008/04 ,  B01J008/02

    CPC classification number: B01J8/0442 ,  B01J2208/00256 ,  B01J2208/00522 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B2203/0205 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/042 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/1211 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  C01B2203/1619

    Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for rapidly heating fuel processor components during startup of a fuel cell powered vehicle. Rapid heating is achieved by placing a water adsorbent downstream of the fuel processor's primary reactor, which converts a hydrocarbon-based fuel to a hydrogen-rich fuel. In addition to hydrogen, the reformed fuel (reformate) includes carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water. The water adsorbent, which has a high heat of adsorption, produces heat as it adsorbs water in the reformate. Heat generated by water adsorption enhances the rate at which fuel processor components, such as a water-gas-shift reactor, reach their operating temperatures. In addition, water adsorption reduces water condensation on the water-gas-shift reactor catalyst. Once the fuel processor components attain their operating temperatures, water desorbs from the adsorbent and is available for converting carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the water-gas-shift reactor.

    Abstract translation: 公开了用于在燃料电池动力车辆起动期间快速加热燃料处理器部件的装置和方法。 通过在燃料处理器的主反应器下游放置水吸附剂来实现快速加热，其将烃类燃料转化为富氢燃料。 除了氢气之外，改性燃料（重整产品）还包括二氧化碳，一氧化碳和水。 具有高吸附热吸水性的吸附剂在吸附重整产物中的水时产生热量。 通过吸水产生的热量提高了燃料处理器组件（例如水煤气变换反应器）达到其工作温度的速率。 此外，水吸附减少水煤气变换反应器催化剂上的水冷凝。 一旦燃料处理器组件达到其工作温度，水就从吸附剂脱附并可用于将一氧化碳转化为二氧化碳和水煤气变换反应器中的氢气。

    Method of chemical decontamination and system therefor
    75.
    发明申请
    Method of chemical decontamination and system therefor 有权
    化学除污方法及其系统

    公开(公告)号：US20020150523A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-10-17

    申请号：US10000083

    申请日：2001-12-04

    Applicant: Hitachi, Ltd.

    Inventor： Makoto Nagase ,  Naohito Uetake ,  Kazushige Ishida ,  Fumito Nakamura ,  Kazumi Anazawa ,  Tadashi Tamagawa ,  Hiroo Yoshikawa

    IPC: B01J008/00 ,  B01J008/04

    CPC classification number: G21F9/004

    Abstract: nullProcesses of reductive decontamination using an agent containing at least two kinds of components, and then decomposing the agent using an apparatus for decomposing at least two kinds of chemical substances in the agent, are employed in chemical decontamination. Anull In a chemical decontamination apparatus, a catalyst decomposition column in an upstream side of an ion exchange resin column and a hydrogen peroxide injection apparatus in a further upstream side, reduce the amount of waste products caused by a chemical decontaminating agent where a mixed decontaminating agent for a composition trapped in a cation resin column and for a composition trapped in an anion exchange resin are used for the chemical decontaminating agent, selectively decompose the composition trapped in the cation resin column in an inlet side of a cleaning apparatus when radioactive nuclides in the decontaminating agent are cleansed using the cation resin column during decontamination, and decompose both compositions after completion of the decontamination. The chemical decontamination thus selectively decomposes the chemical decontaminating agent, which is a component of the load to the cation resin column. nullThe chemical decontamination moderates corrosion of material by using a chemical decontaminating agent decomposing apparatus capable of decomposing the components trapped by the cation exchange resin and components trapped by an anion exchange resin at the same time.null

    Abstract translation: [使用含有至少两种成分的试剂的还原性去污的方法，然后使用用于在试剂中分解至少两种化学物质的装置分解试剂进行化学去污。 A]在化学去污设备中，离子交换树脂柱的上游侧的催化剂分解塔和上游侧的过氧化氢注入装置减少由化学净化剂引起的废物的量，其中混合净化 将用于阳离子树脂柱中的组合物和捕获在阴离子交换树脂中的组合物的试剂用于化学净化剂，当将放射性核素置于清洁装置的入口侧时，选择性地分解在清洁装置的入口侧中捕获在阳离子树脂柱中的组合物 净化剂在去污期间使用阳离子树脂柱进行清洁，并且在去污完成后分解两种组合物。 化学去污因此选择性地将作为负荷成分的化学净化剂分解到阳离子树脂柱中。 [化学去污通过使用能够分解被阳离子交换树脂捕获的成分和同时被阴离子交换树脂捕获的成分的化学除污剂分解装置来缓和材料的腐蚀。

    Bimodal hydrogen manufacture
    76.
    发明申请
    Bimodal hydrogen manufacture 失效
    双峰制氢

    公开(公告)号：US20020098132A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-07-25

    申请号：US09768030

    申请日：2001-01-22

    Inventor： Kenneth Ebenes Vidalin

    IPC: C01B003/26 ,  B01J008/04 ,  B01J010/00

    CPC classification number: F25J3/0223 ,  C01B3/025 ,  C01B3/323 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B3/48 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/0238 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/0288 ,  C01B2203/0415 ,  C01B2203/046 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/061 ,  C01B2203/068 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0816 ,  C01B2203/0866 ,  C01B2203/1052 ,  C01B2203/1082 ,  C01B2203/1223 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/1288 ,  C01B2203/146 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  C01B2203/1685 ,  C01B2203/169 ,  C01B2203/80 ,  C01C1/0488 ,  C07C29/152 ,  F25J3/0252 ,  F25J3/0261 ,  F25J3/04587 ,  F25J2245/02 ,  F25J2290/80 ,  Y02P20/152 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  C07C31/04

    Abstract: The converting of an existing methanol plant to make hydrogen and optionally methanol is disclosed. The converted plant utilizes the steam reformer (10) to which (a) a hydrocarbon, e.g., natural gas, or a lower alkanol, e.g., methanol, and (b) steam (water) are fed. Syngas is formed in the reformer (10). All or part of the syngas is processed in a CO converter (21) and/or a separation unit (22 & 28) to separate out carbon dioxide (24), carbon monoxide (30) and hydrogen (32). In the first mode, the CO converter (21) is isolated and the separated carbon dioxide (24) is fed either to the existing methanol synthesis loop (12) for methanol synthesis, or back into the feed to the reformer (10) to enhance carbon monoxide formation in the syngas (18). In the second mode, a lower alkanol is fed to the reformer (10), and the methanol synthesis loop (12) is shutdown and isolated from the rest of the plant. Any remaining syngas (38) not fed to the carbon dioxide separator (22) can be converted to methanol in the existing methanol synthesis loop (12) along with carbon dioxide (24) from the separator (22) and/or imported carbon dioxide (25), and hydrogen (35) from the separator (28). In the second mode, the separated carbon monoxide (30) is preferably recycled to the reformer (10) and/or to the CO converter (21) to enhance hydrogen production.

    Abstract translation: 公开现有甲醇装置以制备氢气和任选的甲醇的转化。 转化后的装置使用蒸汽重整器（10），（a）烃，例如天然气，或低级链烷醇，例如甲醇，和（b）蒸汽（水）。 在重整器（10）中形成合成气。 在CO转化器（21）和/或分离单元（22和28）中处理全部或部分合成气以分离出二氧化碳（24），一氧化碳（30）和氢气（32）。 在第一模式中，CO转化器（21）被分离并且将分离的二氧化碳（24）进料到用于甲醇合成的现有甲醇合成回路（12）中，或者返回到重整器（10）的进料中以增强 在合成气（18）中形成一氧化碳。 在第二模式中，将低级链烷醇进料到重整器（10）中，并且甲醇合成回路（12）关闭并与其余的工厂分离。 未进料到二氧化碳分离器（22）的任何剩余的合成气（38）可以与现有甲醇合成回路（12）中的二氧化碳（24）一起转化成甲醇，和二氧化碳（二） 25）和来自分离器（28）的氢（35）。 在第二模式中，优选将分离的一氧化碳（30）再循环至重整器（10）和/或CO转化器（21），以增强制氢。

    REACTOR
    78.
    发明申请
    REACTOR 无效
    反应堆

    公开(公告)号：US20020068026A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-06-06

    申请号：US09131152

    申请日：1998-08-07

    Inventor： LAWRENCE L. MURRELL ,  FRITS M. DAUTZENBERG ,  RUDOLF A. OVERBEEK ,  BRUCE J. TATARCHUK

    IPC: B01J008/04 ,  B01J035/00

    CPC classification number: B01J8/008 ,  B01J8/02 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J35/06 ,  B01J2208/00884 ,  B01J2219/3221 ,  B01J2219/32286 ,  B01J2219/32491 ,  B22F3/002 ,  B22F3/1121 ,  C04B30/02

    Abstract: A catalytic reactor and process wherein the reactor contains a fixed catalyst bed comprised of at least one layer of a mesh having catalyst particles and/or catalyst fibers retained in the interstices of the mesh, wherein the catalyst particles have an average particle size of no greater than 200 microns and the fibers have a diameter of no greater than 500 microns and wherein the wire mesh layer has a void volume of at least 45%.

    Abstract translation: 一种催化反应器和方法，其中所述反应器包含固定的催化剂床，所述催化剂床由至少一层具有保留在所述网的间隙中的催化剂颗粒和/或催化剂纤维的网的层组成，其中所述催化剂颗粒的平均粒度不大于 所述纤维的直径不大于500微米，并且其中所述丝网层具有至少45％的空隙体积。

    METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REFORMING FUEL AND FUEL-CELLS SYSTEM WITH FUEL-REFORMING APPARATUS INCORPORATED THEREIN
    80.
    发明申请
    METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REFORMING FUEL AND FUEL-CELLS SYSTEM WITH FUEL-REFORMING APPARATUS INCORPORATED THEREIN 失效
    用燃料改造设备改造燃料和燃料电池系统的方法与装置

    公开(公告)号：US20020031458A1

    公开(公告)日：2002-03-14

    申请号：US09084311

    申请日：1998-05-26

    Inventor： TOSHIYUKI HIRATA

    IPC: B01J007/00 ,  B01J008/04

    CPC classification number: H01M8/0631 ,  B01B1/005 ,  C01B3/323 ,  C01B3/382 ,  H01M8/04089 ,  H01M8/0612 ,  H01M2300/0082

    Abstract: A reformer 34 includes three reforming reaction units 80, 82, and 84. These reforming reaction units 80, 82, and 84 respectively include catalyst layers 81, 83, and 85. A supply of crude fuel gas fed to the reformer 34 successively passes through the catalyst layers 81, 83, and 85 in this sequence to be subjected to reforming reactions and converted to a hydrogen-rich gaseous fuel. An air supply unit 90 feeds a supply of the air to each catalyst layer. Oxidation reactions proceed in addition to the reforming reactions in the catalyst layer which receives the supply of the air. Heat produced by the oxidation reactions is utilized for the reforming reactions. Temperature sensors 86, 87, and 88 respectively measure the internal temperatures of the catalyst layers 81, 83, and 85. The amount of the air fed to each catalyst layer is regulated, based on the results of the measurement.

    Abstract translation: 重整器34包括三个重整反应单元80,82和84.这些重整反应单元80,82和84分别包括催化剂层81,83和85.供给到重整器34的原料燃料气体的供应依次通过 催化剂层81,83和85以该顺序进行重整反应并转化成富氢气态燃料。 空气供给单元90将空气供给到各催化剂层。 除了接收空气供应的催化剂层中的重整反应之外，还进行氧化反应。 通过氧化反应产生的热被用于重整反应。 温度传感器86,87和88分别测量催化剂层81,83和85的内部温度。基于测量结果，调节供给每个催化剂层的空气量。

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