Abstract:
A method for marking a petroleum hydrocarbon or a liquid biologically derived fuel by adding at least one compound having formula (I), wherein R1 and R2 independently represent hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl groups, and G represents hydrogen or at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C18 alkyl and C1-C18 alkoxy.
Abstract:
A compound having formula (I), wherein G1 represents a C4-C22 alkyl or alkenyl group, a C8-C20 aralkyl group or formula (II) wherein G3 is a difunctional C2-C18 alkyl or alkenyl group, a difunctional C6-C20 aryl group or G3 is absent; provided that G1 is not 2-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, n-dodecyl, n-hexadecyl or 2-phenylethyl.
Abstract:
A diesel engine fuel composition comprising methanol at a level of at least 20% by weight of the fuel; water at a level at least 20% by weight of the fuel; a ratio of water to methanol of between 20:80 to 80:20; a total amount of water and methanol of at least 60% by weight of the fuel composition, and one or more additives, in a total amount of at least 0.1% by weight of the fuel, wherein the level of sodium chloride, if present as an additive, is between 0 to 0.5% by weight of the fuel, and the level of flavourant, if present as an additive, is between 0 to 1.5% of the composition is provided. Also provided is a process for powering a compression ignition engine using a fuel comprising methanol and water, including inlet air pre-heating, and associated systems and uses of the fuel composition.
Abstract:
A compound having formula (I) wherein G represents at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of C1-C12 alkyl and C1-C12 alkoxy.
Abstract:
An exemplary sensor system for a fuel transport vehicle can comprise a fuel marker sensor positioned between a fuel storage chamber of the vehicle and an access valve for the fuel storage chamber of the vehicle. The fuel marker sensor can be configured to measure one or more characteristics of one or more fuel markers present in the fuel adjacent the sensor, such as when the marked fuel is unloaded at a retail station. The one or more characteristics can comprise concentration and/or identity of the one or more fuel markers in the fuel. Based on the measured characteristics of the one or more fuel markers, the sensor system can identify the fuel and/or can determine whether the fuel has been adulterated after the marked fuel was last measured, such as when the marked fuel was loaded into the vehicle.
Abstract:
Products having the general formula A, particularly useful as non-coloring markers in a process for tagging mineral oils, petroleum derivatives in general and solvents. A method is also described for synthesizing the products by resorting to a classical diazocoupling reaction between a derivative of an aromatic amine and a coupling agent, preferably a functionalized ester. The invention also relates to the use of these tagging and dyeing molecules and mixtures which comprise them. In particular, the mixtures comprise the markers according to the invention and the markers and/or dyes classically used in the petroleum sector.
Abstract:
Marking a petroleum product includes adding a covert dye selected from the group consisting of azadipyrromethene dyes, dipyrromethene dyes, and any combination thereof to the petroleum product and distributing the dye in the petroleum product. A petroleum product selected for analysis may be spectroscopically analyzed for the presence of an azadipyrromethene dye, a dipyrromethene dye, or a combination thereof. A concentration of at least one azadipyrromethene or dipyrromethene dye present in the portion of the petroleum product may be determined to identify the petroleum product as counterfeit, adulterated, or authentic based on the determined concentration of the azadipyrromethene or dipyrromethene dye.
Abstract:
A method of coloring a substrate is disclosed that includes the steps of dissolving a vegetable oil ester based solvent wherein the ester is selected from a group consisting of esters having carbon chain length of C-1 to C-18 in a liquid solvent dye to form a low-sulfur containing dye formulation such that the vegetable oil ester is present in an amount of between about 5 and 80 percent by weight of the dye formulation, and mixing sufficient amounts of the dye formulation with the substrate to produce mixtures of predetermined color in which the levels of toxic substrate are substantially less than in otherwise equivalent mixtures that include hydrocarbon-based solvents.
Abstract:
A dye formulation is disclosed that includes a vegetable oil ester based solvents that have carbon chain lengths of C-1 to C-18, a solvent dye that is a true liquid dye dissolved in the vegetable oil ester for imparting color to the dye formulation, and reduced sulfur levels in commercially available dye formulations as compared to those in hydrocarbon based solvent systems. Sulfur content is typically reduced to 2-3 percent of dye formulations in hydrocarbon based solvents. The formulations are particularly useful for tagging petroleum substrates as well as writing instrument and ink jet formulations.