Abstract:
An arrangement for determining the density of natural fog in the atmosphere in which a spark lamp serving also as a flashing beacon projects a beam of light composed of consecutive pulses through the fog laden atmosphere so as to scatter part of the light to thus form consecutive pulses of scattered light in a defined region of the path of the light beam, the intensity of which is proportional to the density of the fog in this region, and in which light pulse receiver means are constructed and arranged relative to said region so as to receive only the scattered light pulses which are measured by the receiver means to thereby indicate the density of fog in the aforementioned region.
Abstract:
This invention comprises apparatus for controlling the ratio of the signal and reference beams in a system for making holographic filters for use in matched filter pattern recognition apparatus. Means is provided for measuring the intensity of the spatial frequencies of a signal beam, and means is provided for measuring the intensity of a reference beam. The difference between the measured beam ratio and the optimum beam ratio controls an attenuator placed in either the reference beam path or the signal beam path. A shutter may also be controlled so that uniformity of exposure is maintained as the beam ratio is adjusted.
Abstract:
A beam from a light source is collimated and directed at right angles into the input face of a Koster''s prism. From the output face of the prism emerge a measuring and reference beams which are parallel to each other. Lenses across the latter beams focussing the respective beams in the plane of a chopper disc. Diaphragms are positioned between the lenses and the disc.
Abstract:
A system for detecting the presence of an object passing between a photosensitive resistance and a light source. A DC feedback amplifier connected to the photosensitive resistance controls the intensity of the light source so that the system functions properly under wide variations in ambient conditions without requiring operator adjustments.
Abstract:
An apparatus for measuring torque in either a stationary or rotating shaft. Two light-polarizing screens are mounted on a shaft transmitting a torque in such a manner that the twist in the shaft caused by the torque causes a relative rotatory movement between the screens. Light from a light source passes through the screens to a light-sensing device which produces a signal according to the amount of light it receives. The relative rotatory movement of the screens caused by the applied torque causes a variation in the amount of light passing to the lightsensing device so that the signal produced indicates the amount of torque. The use of light to measure twist means an absence of drag and hence the ability to measure very small torques.
Abstract:
In the optical guiding apparatus disclosed, the optical beam is guided and focused by solid lenses which are automatically positioned with respect to a reference axis established by the sensors. Fixed relative positioning of the sensors permits the movement of the lenses in a small number of discrete steps, each step being substantially equal to a threshold position error of a control loop. In a first embodiment, each sensor controls a plurality of beampositioning lenses collectively to provide the downstream beam position correction. two-position control and three-position control are employed. In second and third embodiments, each sensor effects compensating movements of upstream and downstream lenses to modify the beam position only locally.
Abstract:
1,166,095. Electronic flash apparatus. AGFA-GEVAERT A.G. Oct.27, 1966 [Oct.28, 1965], No.48187/66. Heading G2A. An electronic flash apparatus for attachment to, or incorporation in a photographic camera has means for producing a preliminary flash of predetermined intensity to illuminate a subject whilst the camera shutter is closed, and means for producing a second flash whilst the shutter is open, the intensity of the second flash being varied by photo-electric means in inverse relation to the illumination of the subject produced by the combination of the preliminary flash and ambient illumination. The two flashes may be produced in a single flash-tube 52 connected in a firing circuit 6 powered by a D.C. supply circuit 11 and containing capacitors 39 and 40 for providing the energy for the first and second flashes respectively and ignition coils 49, 50 with associated capacitors 41, 42; the second firing is initiated by a mono-stable Schmidt trigger circuit 11 controlled by a time-circuit 9 containing a photoresistor 14 and a capacitor 17. In operation, a switch 30 is closed to charge up the capacitors, which charging is indicated by audible or visible means; the shutter release is then depressed first closing a switch 13 which renders the timecircuit ready for operation and then simultaneously opening a switch 18 and closing switches 45, initiating a controlled discharge of capacitors 40, and 53, causing ignition of the preliminary flash. Opening of switch 18 causes capacitor 17 to be charged through photo-resistor 14, until after a time determined by the illumination of the latter, the voltage of the capacitor is such to change the state of a relay 28 in the trigger circuit; this closes contacts 28a, 28b of the relay, thus respectively shorting out a diode 43 which prevents capacitor 40 being totally discharged and effecting an ignition of the flash-tube. The intensity of the flash, which is governed by the voltage of capacitor 40 which is determined by the time it discharges before firing, which is controlled by the photo-resistor in the time-circuit. In modifications the voltage of capacitor 40 may be varied by charging instead of discharging, and/or relay 28 may actuate the closing of an electromagnetic shutter.