Process for dual mode floating point multiplier-accumulator with high precision mode for near zero accumulation results

    公开(公告)号:US12197889B2

    公开(公告)日:2025-01-14

    申请号:US17352374

    申请日:2021-06-21

    Inventor: Dylan Finch

    Abstract: A process for a floating point multiplier-accumulator (MAC) is operative on N pairs of floating point values using N MAC processes operating concurrently, each MAC process operating on a pair of values comprising an input value and a coefficient value. Each MAC process simultaneously generates: an integer form fraction at a first bitwidth and a second bitwidth greater than the first bitwidth, a sign bit, and an exponent difference computed by subtracting an exponent sum from a maximum exponent sum of all exponent sums. The integer form fractions of the first bitwidths are provided to an adder tree using the first bitwidth, and if the sum has an excess percentage of leading 0s, then the second bitwidth is used by an adder tree using the second bitwidth to form a great precision integer form fraction. The sign, integer form fraction, and maximum exponent are provided to an normalizer which generates a floating point result.

    Bias unit element with binary weighted charge transfer lines

    公开(公告)号:US12118331B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-10-15

    申请号:US17163588

    申请日:2021-02-01

    CPC classification number: G06F7/5443 G06F17/16 H03K19/20 H03M1/38

    Abstract: A Bias Unit Element (UE) comprises NAND gates with complementary outputs, the complementary outputs coupled through a charge transfer capacitor to a differential charge transfer bus comprising positive charge transfer lines and negative charge transfer lines. Each line of the differential charge transfer bus has a particular binary weighted line weight, such as 1, 2, 4, 2, 4, 8, and 4, 8, 16. Digital bias inputs are provided to the Bias UE NAND gate inputs, with a clear bit to initialize charge, and a sign input for enabling one of a positive Bias UE or negative Bias UE. A low-to-high transition causes a transfer of charge to the binary weighted charge transfer bus, thereby adding or subtracting a bias value from the charge transfer bus.

    Programmable multi-level data access address generator

    公开(公告)号:US12105625B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-10-01

    申请号:US17588240

    申请日:2022-01-29

    CPC classification number: G06F12/04 G06N3/0464 G06N3/10 G06F2212/16

    Abstract: A programmable address generator has an iteration variable generator for generation of an ordered set of iteration variables, which are re-ordered by an iteration variable selection fabric, which delivers the re-ordered iteration variables to one or more address generators. A configurator receives an instruction containing fields which provide configuration constants to the address generator, iteration variable selection fabric, and address generators. After configuration, the address generators provide addresses coupled to a memory. In one example of the invention, the address generators generate an input address, a coefficient address, and an output address for performing convolutional neural network inferences.

    Programmable multi-level data access address generator

    公开(公告)号:US12072799B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-08-27

    申请号:US18121294

    申请日:2023-03-14

    CPC classification number: G06F12/04 G06N3/0464 G06N3/10 G06F2212/16

    Abstract: A programmable address generator has an iteration variable generator for generation of an ordered set of iteration variables, which are re-ordered by an iteration variable selection fabric, which delivers the re-ordered iteration variables to one or more address generators. A configurator receives an instruction containing fields which provide configuration constants to the address generator, iteration variable selection fabric, and address generators. After configuration, the address generators provide addresses coupled to a memory. In one example of the invention, the address generators generate an input address, a coefficient address, and an output address for performing convolutional neural network inferences.

    Floating point dot product multiplier-accumulator

    公开(公告)号:US11983237B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-05-14

    申请号:US17180831

    申请日:2021-02-21

    Inventor: Dylan Finch

    CPC classification number: G06F17/16 G06F7/483 G06F7/5443

    Abstract: A vector dot product multiplier receives a row vector and a column vector as floating point numbers in a format of sign plus exponent bits plus mantissa bits. The dot product multiplier generates a single dot product value by separately processing the sign bits, exponent bits, and mantissa bits in a few pipelined stages. A first pipeline stage generates a sign bit, a normalized mantissa formed by multiplying pairs multiplicand elements, and exponent information. A second pipeline stage receives the multiplied pairs of normalized mantissas, performs an adjustment, performs a padding, complement, and shift, and sums the results in an adder stage. The resulting integer is normalized to generate a sign bit, exponent, and mantissa of the floating point result.

    Differential analog multiplier-accumulator

    公开(公告)号:US11977936B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-05-07

    申请号:US17139945

    申请日:2020-12-31

    CPC classification number: G06G7/16 G06F7/5443

    Abstract: A differential multiplier-accumulator accepts A and B digital inputs and generates a dot product P by applying the bits of the A input and the bits of the B inputs to respective positive and negative unit elements comprised of groups of AND gates coupled to charge transfer lines through a capacitor Cu. Each positive and negative unit element receives one bit of the B input applied to all of the AND gates of the unit element, and each positive and negative unit element having the bits of A applied to each associated AND gate input of each unit element. The AND gates are coupled to charge transfer lines through a capacitor Cu, and the charge transfer lines couple to binary weighted charge summing capacitors and to an analog to digital converter to generate a digital output product. The charge transfer lines may span multiple unit elements.

    Optical sensing system with separable spectrally overlapping sensor responses

    公开(公告)号:US11953389B2

    公开(公告)日:2024-04-09

    申请号:US17190390

    申请日:2021-03-02

    CPC classification number: G01L1/246 G01D5/35387 G01K11/3206

    Abstract: An optical sensing system including an optical interrogator is operative with an array of reflective sensors, each sensor providing a separable reflected spectral response parameter such as a unique Gaussian standard deviation or reflected response compared to other sensors in the same operating wavelength range. The optical interrogator provides narrowband swept or broadband continuous optical power source to the array of FBG sensors, and an optical interrogator generates a g(x) representation of power vs wavelength of the reflected optical power and decomposes the representation into the wavelength of the individual sensors, thereby allowing operation of two or more FBG sensors in the same operating wavelength range.

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