Evaluating hydrologic reservoir constraint in coal seams and shale formations

    公开(公告)号:US10031024B2

    公开(公告)日:2018-07-24

    申请号:US14046953

    申请日:2012-04-05

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus suitable for quickly and accurately measuring 13C levels and supporting data in an aqueous fluid reservoir. Interpreting the resulting data to indicate key factors regarding a reservoir and completion methods, including reservoir constraint, gas producibility, and completion success. A sensor and to a sensing method that evaluates the level of hydrologic constraint in aquifers occurring in unconventional reservoirs, such as shales and coals is disclosed. Specifically, Raman spectroscopy is disclosed as a sensor and a sensing method that measures the level of naturally-occurring 13C in an aqueous reservoir and compares the level of 13C to the levels typical for highly constrained and highly unconstrained reservoirs. The disclosed sensor and sensing method also monitors the level of naturally-occurring 13C in a reservoir. Also disclosed is a method of using δ13CDic to evaluate geographic areas of coal bed reservoir water having biologic methanogenic activity.

    CALCIUM SALT FOR CALCIUM BATTERIES
    2.
    发明申请

    公开(公告)号:US20200176819A1

    公开(公告)日:2020-06-04

    申请号:US16694950

    申请日:2019-11-25

    Abstract: Disclosed is a calcium salt, Ca(HMDS)2, where HMDS is the hexamethyldisilazide anion (also known as bis(trimethylsilyl)amide), enables high current densities and high coulombic efficiency for calcium metal deposition and dissolution. These properties facilitate the use of this salt in batteries based on calcium metal. In addition, the salt is significant for batteries based on metal anodes, which have higher specific energies than batteries based on intercalation anodes, such as LiC6. In particular, a calcium based rechargeable battery includes Ca(HMDS)2 salt and at least one solvent, the solvent suitable for calcium battery cycling. The at least one solvent can be diethyl ether, diisopropylether, methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), tetrahydropyran, glyme, diglyme, triglyme or tetraglyme, or any mixture thereof.

    Evaluating Hydrologic Reservoir Constraint in Coal Seams and Shale Formations
    3.
    发明申请
    Evaluating Hydrologic Reservoir Constraint in Coal Seams and Shale Formations 审中-公开
    评估煤层和页岩层的水文储层约束

    公开(公告)号:US20140039794A1

    公开(公告)日:2014-02-06

    申请号:US14046953

    申请日:2012-04-05

    CPC classification number: G01J3/44 E21B49/00 G01N21/65 G01V9/007

    Abstract: Methods and apparatus suitable for quickly and accurately measuring 13C levels and supporting data in an aqueous fluid reservoir. Interpreting the resulting data to indicate key factors regarding a reservoir and completion methods, including reservoir constraint, gas producibility, and completion success. A sensor and to a sensing method that evaluates the level of hydrologic constraint in aquifers occurring in unconventional reservoirs, such as shales and coals is disclosed. Specifically, Raman spectroscopy is disclosed as a sensor and a sensing method that measures the level of naturally-occurring 13C in an aqueous reservoir and compares the level of 13C to the levels typical for highly constrained and highly unconstrained reservoirs. The disclosed sensor and sensing method also monitors the level of naturally-occurring 13C in a reservoir. Also disclosed is a method of using δ13CDic to evaluate geographic areas of coal bed reservoir water having biologic methanogenic activity.

    Abstract translation: 适用于快速,准确地测量含水液体储存器中13C含量和支持数据的方法和装置。 解释产生的数据,以说明关于储层和完井方法的关键因素,包括储层约束,气体可产生性和完井成功。 公开了传感器和评估非常规水库(如页岩和煤)中含水层水文约束水平的传感方法。 具体地说,拉曼光谱被公开作为传感器和感测方法,其测量水体储层中天然存在的13C的水平,并将13C的水平与高约束和高度无约束的储层的典型水平进行比较。 所公开的传感器和感测方法还监测储层中天然存在的13C的水平。 还公开了一种使用delta13CDic来评估具有生物甲烷生成活性的煤层储层水的地理区域的方法。

    METAL-AIR CELL WITH PERFORMANCE ENHANCING ADDITIVE
    5.
    发明申请
    METAL-AIR CELL WITH PERFORMANCE ENHANCING ADDITIVE 有权
    具有性能增强添加剂的金属空气电池

    公开(公告)号:US20110281184A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-11-17

    申请号:US13105794

    申请日:2011-05-11

    Abstract: Systems and methods drawn to an electrochemical cell comprising a low temperature ionic liquid comprising positive ions and negative ions and a performance enhancing additive added to the low temperature ionic liquid. The additive dissolves in the ionic liquid to form cations, which are coordinated with one or more negative ions forming ion complexes. The electrochemical cell also includes an air electrode configured to absorb and reduce oxygen. The ion complexes improve oxygen reduction thermodynamics and/or kinetics relative to the ionic liquid without the additive.

    Abstract translation: 绘制到电化学电池的系统和方法包括包含正离子和负离子的低温离子液体和添加到低温离子液体中的性能增强添加剂。 添加剂溶解在离子液体中以形成阳离子,其与一个或多个形成离子络合物的负离子配位。 电化学电池还包括构造成吸收和还原氧气的空气电极。 离子络合物相对于没有添加剂的离子液体改善氧还原热力学和/或动力学。

    Sensitive and rapid determination of antimicrobial susceptibility
    6.
    发明申请
    Sensitive and rapid determination of antimicrobial susceptibility 有权
    敏感和快速测定抗菌药物敏感性

    公开(公告)号:US20050048599A1

    公开(公告)日:2005-03-03

    申请号:US10888828

    申请日:2004-07-08

    Abstract: The present invention relates to moving microorganisms to a surface, where they are grown in the presence and absence of antimicrobials, and by monitoring the growth of the microorganisms over time in the two conditions, their susceptibility to the antimicrobials can be determined. The microorganisms can be moved to the surface through electrophoresis, centrifugation or filtration. When the movement involves electrophoresis, the presence of oxidizing and reducing reagents lowers the voltage at which electrophoretic force can be generated and allows a broader range of means by which the target can be detected. Monitoring can comprise optical detection, and most conveniently includes the detection of individual microorganisms. The microorganisms can be stained in order to give information about their response to antimicrobials.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及将微生物移动到表面,其中它们在存在和不存在抗微生物剂的情况下生长,并且通过在两个条件下随时间监测微生物的生长,可以确定它们对抗微生物剂的敏感性。 微生物可通过电泳,离心或过滤移至表面。 当运动涉及电泳时,氧化和还原剂的存在降低了可以产生电泳力的电压,并允许可以检测目标的更宽范围的方法。 监测可以包括光学检测,并且最方便地包括检测单个微生物。 微生物可以被染色以便提供关于它们对抗微生物剂的反应的信息。

    Metal-air cell with performance enhancing additive
    7.
    发明授权
    Metal-air cell with performance enhancing additive 有权
    具有性能增强添加剂的金属空气电池

    公开(公告)号:US09184478B2

    公开(公告)日:2015-11-10

    申请号:US13105794

    申请日:2011-05-11

    Abstract: Systems and methods drawn to an electrochemical cell comprising a low temperature ionic liquid comprising positive ions and negative ions and a performance enhancing additive added to the low temperature ionic liquid. The additive dissolves in the ionic liquid to form cations, which are coordinated with one or more negative ions forming ion complexes. The electrochemical cell also includes an air electrode configured to absorb and reduce oxygen. The ion complexes improve oxygen reduction thermodynamics and/or kinetics relative to the ionic liquid without the additive.

    Abstract translation: 绘制到电化学电池的系统和方法包括包含正离子和负离子的低温离子液体和添加到低温离子液体中的性能增强添加剂。 添加剂溶解在离子液体中以形成阳离子,其与一个或多个形成离子络合物的负离子配位。 电化学电池还包括构造成吸收和还原氧气的空气电极。 离子络合物相对于没有添加剂的离子液体改善氧还原热力学和/或动力学。

    Determination of Coal Bed Natural Gas Production Factors and a System to Determine Same
    9.
    发明申请
    Determination of Coal Bed Natural Gas Production Factors and a System to Determine Same 有权
    煤层气天然气生产要素的确定及其确定方法

    公开(公告)号:US20120227960A1

    公开(公告)日:2012-09-13

    申请号:US11855945

    申请日:2007-09-14

    CPC classification number: E21B49/087 E21B43/006 E21B47/10 G01V9/007

    Abstract: Well fluids in coalbed natural gas reservoirs and other carbonaceous reservoirs are analyzed to determine production factors such as gas content, critical desorption pressure, and/or other reservoir and operational variables. In particular, the partial pressure of methane or a predictor substance, or a methane concentration, are measured and/or determined for the wells and production factors are determined therefrom.

    Abstract translation: 分析煤层天然气储层和其他碳质储层中的井液,以确定生产因素,如气体含量,临界解吸压力和/或其他储层和操作变量。 特别地,对于井测量和/或确定甲烷或预测物质的分压或甲烷浓度,并由此确定生产要素。

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