Abstract:
The present invention relates to a shaft furnace as well as a method for operating a shaft furnace. For example, the present invention relates to methods for operating a shaft furnace which include charging an upper region of the shaft furnace with raw materials; the raw materials sink in the shaft furnace under the influence of gravity and a part of the raw materials is smelted an/or at least partially reduced under the effect of the atmosphere prevailing within the shaft furnace. The methods further comprise admitting an addition gas via at least one addition opening spaced from a lower admission opening and/or discharging a shaft furnace gas via a shaft furnace gas line to provide discharge of gaseous reaction products from the interior of the shaft furnace.
Abstract:
Method for operating a shaft furnace, whereby an upper section of the shaft furnace is charged with raw materials which due to gravity descend inside the furnace while the atmosphere prevailing within the shaft furnace causes part of the raw materials to melt and/or to be reduced, and in a lower section of the shaft furnace a process gas is injected so as to at least partly modify the atmosphere prevailing in the shaft furnace. The pressure and/or volume flow of the injected process gas is dynamically modulated within a time span of 40 s. Also, a shaft furnace operable by said method, thus achieving improved through-gassing.
Abstract:
The process includes two major phases, each including a converter blowing step and a discharge step, whereby the first discharge step is also a preparatory step for the second blowing step. The steel is dephosphorized, desulfurized, and decarbonized under formation of basic slag which is retained in the converter during the first discharge. Lime, limeflux and possibly clay is added prior to the second blowing together with, preferably, silicon for deoxidation. After the second discharge, additional alloy components may be added.
Abstract:
A sales and dispenser carton box having in its top panel a dispenser opening normally closed by an internal closing plate portion constituting an integral part of the blank from which the box is erected and being displaceable to open and close the opening, the closing plate being hinged to the free edge of an end panel portion of the box pivotally secured to the box along its opposite edge, and the closing plate being held slidingly against the inner side of the top panel by means of at least one side flap projecting from the side edge of the closing plate down along the respective side panel of the box so as to be slidingly supported by an elongated rigid portion of the box. The box may be designed so as to have a breakable seal.