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    Sulfite-based processes for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom
    1.
    发明授权
    Sulfite-based processes for producing nanocellulose, and compositions and products produced therefrom 有权
    用于生产纳米纤维的基于亚硫酸盐的方法，以及由其制备的组合物和产品

    公开(公告)号：US09399840B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-07-26

    申请号：US14584593

    申请日：2014-12-29

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Kimberly Nelson ,  Theodora Retsina ,  Vesa Pylkkanen ,  Ryan O'Connor

    IPC: D21H11/18 ,  D21H21/32 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21H17/66 ,  D21H11/06 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C9/00 ,  D21C9/10

    CPC classification number: D21H11/18 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21H11/06 ,  D21H17/66 ,  D21H21/32

    Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with sulfur dioxide or a sulfite compound and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites. The nanocellulose material may include nanofibrillated cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, or both. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose material is hydrophobic via deposition of some lignin onto the cellulose surface. Optionally, sugars derived from amorphous cellulose and hemicellulose may be separately fermented, such as to monomers for various polymers. These polymers may be combined with the nanocellulose to form completely renewable composites.

    Abstract translation: 所公开的方法能够以低机械能输入将生物质转化为高结晶度纳米纤维素。 在一些变型中，该方法包括用二氧化硫或亚硫酸盐化合物和水分解生物质，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素和木质素的液体; 并机械处理富含纤维素的固体以形成纳米原纤维和/或纳米晶体。 总机械能可能小于500千瓦时/吨。 纳米纤维素材料的结晶度可以为80％以上，转化为复合材料的良好的增强性能。 纳米纤维素材料可以包括纳米纤维化纤维素，纳米晶纤维素或两者。 在一些实施方案中，通过将一些木质素沉积到纤维素表面上，纳米纤维素材料是疏水的。 任选地，衍生自无定形纤维素和半纤维素的糖可以单独发酵，例如用于各种聚合物的单体。 这些聚合物可与纳米纤维素结合形成完全可再生的复合材料。

    Processes and apparatus for refining sugarcane to produce sugars, biofuels, and/or biochemicals
    2.
    发明授权
    Processes and apparatus for refining sugarcane to produce sugars, biofuels, and/or biochemicals 有权
    用于精制甘蔗以生产糖，生物燃料和/或生物化学品的方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US09487840B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-11-08

    申请号：US14487070

    申请日：2014-09-15

    Applicant: API Intellectual Property Holdings, LLC

    Inventor： Theodora Retsina ,  Ryan O'Connor

    IPC: F23G7/10 ,  C13B20/00 ,  C12P7/06 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C13B35/08 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C13K13/00 ,  C13K1/02

    CPC classification number: C13K13/00 ,  C12P7/06 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C13B20/002 ,  C13B35/08 ,  C13K1/02 ,  F23G7/10 ,  Y02E50/17

    Abstract: Conventionally, sugarcane processing avoids leaving residual sucrose in the bagasse, since the bagasse will be burned and the value of the sucrose would be lost. However, when coupled with a Green Power+® process to extract hemicelluloses, sucrose may also be extracted and recovered from the bagasse. In some variations, a process includes mechanically treating a feedstock to generate a sucrose-rich stream and lignocellulosic material that intentionally retains a significant amount of the initial sucrose in the feedstock; extracting the lignocellulosic material with steam and/or hot water to produce cellulose-rich solids and an extract liquor containing hemicellulosic oligomers and sucrose; and then hydrolyzing the hemicellulosic oligomers into a hemicellulose sugar stream. Each of the sucrose-rich stream and the hemicellulose sugar stream (containing the starting residual sucrose) may be recovered or further processed (e.g., fermented to ethanol). Similar processes are possible with energy cane, sugar beets, and energy beets.

    Abstract translation: 通常，甘蔗加工避免了将蔗糖残留在甘蔗渣中，因为甘蔗渣将被燃烧并且蔗糖的值将被丢失。 然而，当与Green Power +工艺一起提取半纤维素时，蔗糖也可以从蔗渣中提取和回收。 在一些变型中，方法包括机械处理原料以产生富含蔗糖的料流和有意地在原料中保留大量初始蔗糖的木质纤维素材料; 用蒸汽和/或热水提取木质纤维素材料以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素低聚物和蔗糖的提取液; 然后将半纤维素寡聚物水解成半纤维素糖流。 可以回收或进一步处理每种富含蔗糖的料流和半纤维素糖料流（含有起始残留的蔗糖）（例如发酵成乙醇）。 与甘蔗，甜菜和能量甜菜相似的过程是可能的。

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