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公开(公告)号：US12175335B2
公开(公告)日：2024-12-24
申请号：US17556033
申请日：2021-12-20
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Saumil Bandyopadhyay , Ryan Hamerly , Dirk Robert Englund
Abstract: Programmable photonic circuits of reconfigurable interferometers can be used to implement arbitrary operations on optical modes, providing a flexible platform for accelerating tasks in quantum simulation, signal processing, and artificial intelligence. A major obstacle to scaling up these systems is static fabrication error, where small component errors within each device accrue to produce significant errors within the circuit computation. Mitigating errors usually involves numerical optimization dependent on real-time feedback from the circuit, which can greatly limit the scalability of the hardware. Here, we present a resource-efficient, deterministic approach to correcting circuit errors by locally correcting hardware errors within individual optical gates. We apply our approach to simulations of large-scale optical neural networks and infinite impulse response filters implemented in programmable photonics, finding that they remain resilient to component error well beyond modern day process tolerances. Our error correction process can be used to scale up programmable photonics within current fabrication processes.
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公开(公告)号：US12175333B2
公开(公告)日：2024-12-24
申请号：US17496833
申请日：2021-10-08
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Dirk Robert Englund , Stefan Ivanov Krastanov , Hamza Raniwala
IPC: G06N10/40
Abstract: The typical approach to transfer quantum information between two superconducting quantum computers is to transduce the quantum information into the optical regime at the first superconducting quantum computer, transmit the quantum information in the optical regime to the second superconducting quantum computer, and then transduce the quantum information back into the microwave regime at the second superconducting quantum computer. However, direct microwave-to-optical and optical-to-microwave transduction have low fidelity due to the low microwave-optical coupling rates and added noise. These problems compound in consecutive microwave-to-optical and optical-to-microwave transduction steps. We break this rate-fidelity trade-off by heralding end-to-end entanglement with one detected photon and teleportation. In contrast to cascaded direct transduction, our technology absorbs the low optical-microwave coupling efficiency into the entanglement heralding step. Our approach unifies and simplifies entanglement generation between superconducting devices and other physical modalities in quantum networks.
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US11688756B2
公开(公告)日：2023-06-27
申请号：US16684917
申请日：2019-11-15
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Jordan Goldstein , Dirk Robert Englund
CPC classification number: H01L27/14649 , H01G9/2004 , H01L29/1606 , H01Q21/064 , H04N5/33 , H10N19/00
Abstract: A filter-based color imaging array that resolves N different colors detects only 1/Nth of the incoming light. In the thermal infrared wavelength range, filtering loss is exacerbated by the lower sensor detectivity at infrared wavelengths than at visible wavelengths. To avoid loss due to filtering, most spectral imagers use bulky optics, such as diffraction gratings or Fourier transform interferometers, to resolve different colors. Fortunately, it is possible to avoid filtering loss without bulky optics: detect light with interleaved arrays of sub-wavelength-spaced antennas tuned to different wavelengths. An optically sensitive element inside each antenna absorbs light at the antenna's resonant wavelength. Metallic slot antennas offer high efficiency, intrinsic unidirectionality, and lower cross-talk than dipole or bowtie antennas. Graphene serves at the optically active material inside each antenna because its 2D nature makes it easily adaptable to this imager architecture.
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公开(公告)号：US11604978B2
公开(公告)日：2023-03-14
申请号：US16681284
申请日：2019-11-12
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Ryan Hamerly , Dirk Robert Englund
Abstract: Deep learning performance is limited by computing power, which is in turn limited by energy consumption. Optics can make neural networks faster and more efficient, but current schemes suffer from limited connectivity and the large footprint of low-loss nanophotonic devices. Our optical neural network architecture addresses these problems using homodyne detection and optical data fan-out. It is scalable to large networks without sacrificing speed or consuming too much energy. It can perform inference and training and work with both fully connected and convolutional neural-network layers. In our architecture, each neural network layer operates on inputs and weights encoded onto optical pulse amplitudes. A homodyne detector computes the vector product of the inputs and weights. The nonlinear activation function is performed electronically on the output of this linear homodyne detection step. Optical modulators combine the outputs from the nonlinear activation function and encode them onto optical pulses input into the next layer.
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公开(公告)号：US11120360B2
公开(公告)日：2021-09-14
申请号：US17061759
申请日：2020-10-02
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Donggyu Kim , Dirk Robert Englund
Abstract: Atoms and atom-like quantum emitters are promising for quantum sensing, computing, and communications. Lasers and microscopes enable high-fidelity quantum control of the atomic quantum bits (qubits). However, it is challenging to scale up individual quantum control to enough atomic quantum nodes for implementing useful and practical quantum algorithms. Here, we introduce methods and systems to holographically implement large-scale quantum circuits that individually address atomic quantum nodes. These methods enable implementation of quantum circuits over large, multi-dimensional arrays of atomic qubits at rates of thousands to millions of quantum circuit layers per second. The quantum circuit layers are encoded in multiplexed holograms displayed on a slow SLM and retrieved by fast interrogation to produce spatial distributions that operate on the qubit array. This technology can also be used for optically addressing objects such as biological cells and on-chip photonic components for optical tweezers, opto-genetics, optical computing, and optical neural networks.
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Patent Agency Ranking
公开(公告)号：US11022826B2
公开(公告)日：2021-06-01
申请号：US16872731
申请日：2020-05-12
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Christopher Louis Panuski , Dirk Robert Englund
Abstract: A spatial light modulator (SLM) comprised of a 2D array of optically-controlled semiconductor nanocavities can have a fast modulation rate, small pixel pitch, low pixel tuning energy, and millions of pixels. Incoherent pump light from a control projector tunes each PhC cavity via the free-carrier dispersion effect, thereby modulating the coherent probe field emitted from the cavity array. The use of high-Q/V semiconductor cavities enables energy-efficient all-optical control and eliminates the need for individual tuning elements, which degrade the performance and limit the size of the optical surface. Using this technique, an SLM with 106 pixels, micron-order pixel pitch, and GHz-order refresh rates could be realized with less than 1 W of pump power.
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公开(公告)号：US10158481B2
公开(公告)日：2018-12-18
申请号：US15179583
申请日：2016-06-10
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Darius Bunandar , Nicholas C. Harris , Dirk Robert Englund
IPC: H04L9/08 , H04B10/70 , H04B10/079 , H04B10/25
Abstract: Systems, apparatus, and methods using an integrated photonic chip capable of operating at rates higher than a Gigahertz for quantum key distribution are disclosed. The system includes two identical transmitter chips and one receiver chip. The transmitter chips encode photonic qubits by modulating phase-randomized attenuated laser light within two early or late time-bins. Each transmitter chip can produce a single-photon pulse either in one of the two time-bins or as a superposition of the two time-bins with or without any phase difference. The pulse modulation is achieved using ring resonators, and the phase difference between the two time-bins is obtained using thermo-optic phase shifters and/or time delay elements. The receiver chip employs either homodyne detection or heterodyne detection to perform Bell measurements.
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公开(公告)号：US11790221B2
公开(公告)日：2023-10-17
申请号：US16826364
申请日：2020-03-23
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
CPC classification number: G06N3/067 , G02F1/35 , G06N3/04 , G06N10/00 , G02F2203/50
Abstract: Many of the features of neural networks for machine learning can naturally be mapped into the quantum optical domain by introducing the quantum optical neural network (QONN). A QONN can be performed to perform a range of quantum information processing tasks, including newly developed protocols for quantum optical state compression, reinforcement learning, black-box quantum simulation and one way quantum repeaters. A QONN can generalize from only a small set of training data onto previously unseen inputs. Simulations indicate that QONNs are a powerful design tool for quantum optical systems and, leveraging advances in integrated quantum photonics, a promising architecture for next generation quantum processors.
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公开(公告)号：US11522117B2
公开(公告)日：2022-12-06
申请号：US17151763
申请日：2021-01-19
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Dirk Robert Englund , Matthew Edwin Trusheim , Matt Eichenfield , Tomas Neuman , Prineha Narang
Abstract: A hybrid quantum system performs high-fidelity quantum state transduction between a superconducting (SC) microwave qubit and the ground state spin system of a solid-state artificial atom. This transduction is mediated via an acoustic bus connected by piezoelectric transducers to the SC microwave qubit. For SC circuit qubits and diamond silicon vacancy centers in an optimized phononic cavity, the system can achieve quantum state transduction with fidelity exceeding 99% at a MHz-scale bandwidth. By combining the complementary strengths of SC circuit quantum computing and artificial atoms, the hybrid quantum system provides high-fidelity qubit gates with long-lived quantum memory, high-fidelity measurement, large qubit number, reconfigurable qubit connectivity, and high-fidelity state and gate teleportation through optical quantum networks.
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公开(公告)号：US11373089B2
公开(公告)日：2022-06-28
申请号：US16268578
申请日：2019-02-06
Applicant: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Inventor： Dirk Robert Englund
Abstract: Most artificial neural networks are implemented electronically using graphical processing units to compute products of input signals and predetermined weights. The number of weights scales as the square of the number of neurons in the neural network, causing the power and bandwidth associated with retrieving and distributing the weights in an electronic architecture to scale poorly. Switching from an electronic architecture to an optical architecture for storing and distributing weights alleviates the communications bottleneck and reduces the power per transaction for much better scaling. The weights can be distributed at terabits per second at a power cost of picojoules per bit (versus gigabits per second and femtojoules per bit for electronic architectures). The bandwidth and power advantages are even better when distributing the same weights to many optical neural networks running simultaneously.
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