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    Electrochemical cell and process for reducing the amount of organic contaminants in metal plating baths
    1.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical cell and process for reducing the amount of organic contaminants in metal plating baths 失效
    电化学电池和减少金属电镀浴中有机污染物量的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06827832B2

    公开(公告)日：2004-12-07

    申请号：US09742420

    申请日：2000-12-22

    Applicant: Yves Michel Henuset ,  Joel Fournier ,  Barry MacDougall ,  Michael Gattrell

    Inventor： Yves Michel Henuset ,  Joel Fournier ,  Barry MacDougall ,  Michael Gattrell

    IPC: C02F1461

    CPC classification number: C25D21/16 ,  C02F1/4672 ,  C02F2001/46138 ,  Y10S204/13

    Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to an electrochemical process for decreasing high levels of organic contaminants in metal plating baths. The process involves breaking down the organic contaminants in an electrochemical cell by electrochemical oxidation. The electrochemical cell includes an anode comprising an active material which is stable at low (acid) pH and at the high electrical potential required to break down the organic contaminants by oxidation. Typical examples of such anodes include a valve metal substrate coated with doped tin dioxide, lead dioxide, or platinum-based materials, the latter in some instances being coated on a high surface area valve metal substrate.

    Abstract translation: 所公开的本发明涉及用于降低金属电镀浴中高含量有机污染物的电化学方法。 该过程包括通过电化学氧化分解电化学电池中的有机污染物。 电化学电池包括阳极，其包含在低（酸）pH下和在通过氧化分解有机污染物所需的高电位下是稳定的活性材料。 这种阳极的典型实例包括涂覆有掺杂的二氧化锡，二氧化铅或铂基材料的阀金属基底，后者在一些情况下被涂覆在高表面积的阀金属基底上。

    Process for adiabatic production of mononitrotoluene
    2.
    发明授权
    Process for adiabatic production of mononitrotoluene 有权
    绝热生产单硝基甲苯的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08907144B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-12-09

    申请号：US13427688

    申请日：2012-03-22

    Applicant: Michael Gattrell

    Inventor： Michael Gattrell

    IPC: C07C205/00 ,  C07B41/00 ,  C07C27/26

    CPC classification number: C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/06

    Abstract: A process for continuous adiabatic nitration of toluene to mononitrotoluene (MNT). The process yields a product quality of MNT that is comparable to that obtained by isothermal production. The process uses excess toluene, with the reaction rate being controlled to maintain a residual of 0.003-0.102 wt % nitric acid in the spent acid and an orange to red color of the spent acid. Further process conditions include re-concentrated sulfuric acid at 83 to 99 degrees C. with a concentration of sulfuric acid from 66 to 70.5 wt %. This is mixed with nitric acid to generate a mixed acid with 1.0 to 3.8 wt % nitric acid and toluene is added at a rate of 1.1 to 1.71 moles toluene/mole nitric acid. The reactants are mixed in a reactor with an overall average mixing intensity of 5.8 to 19 W/kg of contained solution.

    Abstract translation: 将甲苯连续绝热硝化成单硝基甲苯（MNT）的方法。 该方法产生与通过等温生产获得的MNT相当的MNT的产品质量。 该方法使用过量的甲苯，其反应速率被控制以维持废酸中的0.003-0.102重量％的硝酸残留量和废酸的橙色至红色。 进一步的工艺条件包括在83至99℃下的浓硫酸，浓度为66至70.5重量％的硫酸。 将其与硝酸混合以产生具有1.0至3.8重量％硝酸的混合酸，并以1.1至1.71摩尔甲苯/摩尔硝酸的速率加入甲苯。 反应物在反应器中混合，总体平均混合强度为5.8至19W / kg的所含溶液。

    High volumetric efficiency electrochemical cell design for treatment of low concentrations of contaminants in low conductivity water
    3.
    发明授权
    High volumetric efficiency electrochemical cell design for treatment of low concentrations of contaminants in low conductivity water 失效
    高体积效率电化学电池设计，用于处理低电导率水中的低浓度污染物

    公开(公告)号：US07232507B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-06-19

    申请号：US10653132

    申请日：2003-09-03

    Applicant: Michael Gattrell ,  Thierry Guena ,  Barry MacDougall

    Inventor： Michael Gattrell ,  Thierry Guena ,  Barry MacDougall

    IPC: C25B9/20 ,  C25C7/04 ,  C02F1/461

    CPC classification number: C02F1/46109 ,  C02F1/4672 ,  C02F2001/46142 ,  C02F2001/46152 ,  C02F2101/18 ,  C02F2101/345 ,  C02F2103/04

    Abstract: An electrochemical cell design is disclosed for the particular application of the electrochemical treatment of contaminants in water. The cell is designed to allow the treatment of low concentrations of contaminants in low conductivity water efficiently, and to be simple to fabricate. The design incorporates tapered inlet and outlet fluid flow manifolds so that the cell pressure drop will be almost entirely due to fluid contacting the electrodes, thus maximising the effective use of the system pump power. A short anode to cathode distance and thin working electrodes are used to minimise resistive electrical power losses. The parallel slacked arrangement of the electrodes and the smooth inlet and outlet designs leads to relatively even distributions of current density and mass transfer resulting in maximal utilisation of the entire active electrode surface area. The electrodes are connected internally in parallel in monopolar stack modules, and the modules are then connected externally in series, with insulating baffles to minimise current by-pass problems. This provides a simple cell construction (a minimum number of simple insulating baffles) while still simplifying the cell wiring and reducing the cell current demand (allowing lighter wiring to be used).

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于电化学处理污染物在水中的电化学电池设计。 该电池被设计成能够有效地处理低电导率水中的低浓度污染物，并且制造简单。 该设计包括锥形入口和出口流体流量歧管，使得单元压降几乎完全是由于流体接触电极，从而最大限度地提高系统泵浦功率的有效使用。 使用短的阳极至阴极距离和薄的工作电极来最小化电阻电功率损耗。 电极的平行松弛布置和平滑的入口和出口设计导致电流密度和质量传递的相对均匀的分布，导致整个有源电极表面积的最大利用。 电极在单极堆叠模块内部并联连接，然后将模块串联连接到绝缘挡板上，以最大限度地减少电流旁路问题。 这提供了简单的电池结构（最少数量的简单绝缘挡板），同时还简化了电池布线并降低了电池电流需求（允许使用更轻的布线）。

    PROCESS FOR ADIABATIC PRODUCTION OF MONONITROTOLUENE
    5.
    发明申请
    PROCESS FOR ADIABATIC PRODUCTION OF MONONITROTOLUENE 有权
    用于生产单硝基苯的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20130253233A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-09-26

    申请号：US13427688

    申请日：2012-03-22

    Applicant: Michael Gattrell

    Inventor： Michael Gattrell

    IPC: C07C201/08

    CPC classification number: C07C201/08 ,  C07C205/06

    Abstract: A process for continuous adiabatic nitration of toluene to mononitrotoluene (MNT). The process yields a product quality of MNT that is comparable to that obtained by isothermal production. The process uses excess toluene, with the reaction rate being controlled to maintain a residual of 0.003-0.102 wt % nitric acid in the spent acid and an orange to red color of the spent acid. Further process conditions include re-concentrated sulfuric acid at 83 to 99 degrees C. with a concentration of sulfuric acid from 66 to 70.5 wt %. This is mixed with nitric acid to generate a mixed acid with 1.0 to 3.8 wt % nitric acid and toluene is added at a rate of 1.1 to 1.71 moles toluene/mole nitric acid. The reactants are mixed in a reactor with an overall average mixing intensity of 5.8 to 19 W/kg of contained solution.

    Abstract translation: 将甲苯连续绝热硝化成单硝基甲苯（MNT）的方法。 该方法产生与通过等温生产获得的MNT相当的MNT的产品质量。 该方法使用过量的甲苯，控制反应速率以维持废酸中的0.003-0.102重量％的硝酸残留量和废酸的橙色至红色。 进一步的工艺条件包括在83至99℃下的浓硫酸，浓度为66至70.5重量％的硫酸。 将其与硝酸混合以产生具有1.0至3.8重量％硝酸的混合酸，并以1.1至1.71摩尔甲苯/摩尔硝酸的速率加入甲苯。 反应物在反应器中混合，总体平均混合强度为5.8至19W / kg的所含溶液。

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