公开(公告)号：US12230486B2

公开(公告)日：2025-02-18

申请号：US16907076

申请日：2020-06-19

Applicant: THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Inventor： Shane Ardo ,  Gideon Segev ,  Francesca Toma ,  Joel Ager ,  Rylan Kautz ,  David Larson

IPC: H01J41/00 ,  B01D61/46 ,  C02F1/469 ,  H01J41/12 ,  C02F103/08

Abstract: Described herein is an ion pump system implementing an electronic ratchet mechanism produced by modulating a spatially varying electric potential distribution that can result in a net ionic current and voltage. The ion pumping membrane system includes an ion-permeable layer integrated with ion-selective membranes. The electric potential distribution within the ion-permeable layer is modulated through external stimuli. When immersed in solution, ions within the ion-permeable layer experience a time varying, spatially asymmetric electric field distribution resulting in ratchet-driven direction pumping, which can be used in applications such as desalination.

公开(公告)号：US3796917A

公开(公告)日：1974-03-12

申请号：US3796917D

申请日：1972-08-21

Applicant: NAT ELECTROSTATICS CORP

Inventor： HILLER D

IPC: H01J41/06 ,  H01J41/16 ,  H01J19/70 ,  H01J41/00

CPC classification number: H01J41/16 ,  H01J41/06

Abstract: The disclosed ionizers are of the orbitron type utilizing a high voltage anode in the form of a wire or rod extending axially within an outer generally cylindrical electrode which may be in the form of a cylindrical conductive screen connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. One or more of the ionizers are mounted within a vacuum space containing residual gas molecules to be ionized. The resulting ions may be propelled by electrostatic field forces to the cylindrical screen and also to the walls of the vacuum chamber where the ions may be absorbed or gettered by freshly deposited titanium or some other gettering material. By this mechanism of ion getter pumping, gas molecules are effectively removed from the vacuum space so as to improve the vacuum. In accordance with the present invention, electrons are injected into the space between the axial anode and the outer cylindrical electrode by an electron-emitting electrode which is typically in the form of a generally circular loop or ring encircling the axial anode and spaced inwardly from the cylindrical outer electrode in the radial electric field beween the inner and outer electrodes. The electron-emitting electrode is preferably energized with a direct current which causes heating of the electron-emitting electrode so that electrons are emitted thermionically therefrom. The current also produces an axial magnetic field in the space between the electron-emitting electrode and the anode. The combination of the radial electric field and the axial magnetic field causes a high percentage of the emitted electrons to go into orbits around the anode so that the electrons have extremely long mean-free paths before finally being attracted to the anode. In this way, the orbiting electrons produce a high degree of ionization of the residual gas molecules in the vacuum space. The axial magnetic field may be enhanced by an electromagnet or a permanent magnet disposed near the circular electron-emitting electrode and preferably aligned axially therewith. The electromagnet may take the form of a loop having one or more turns disposed near the electron-emitting electrode or a coil having a multiplicity of turns and preferably having a core of magnetic material. The permanent magnet may be generally cylindrical in shape and disposed axially. The ionizer may also be used to provide an ion gage in which the ion current to the cylindrical electrode is measured.

公开(公告)号：US09638183B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-02

申请号：US14370015

申请日：2013-09-24

Applicant: SAES GETTERS S.P.A.

Inventor： Antonio Bonucci ,  Luca Viale

IPC: H01J41/00 ,  F04B37/02 ,  H01J7/18 ,  F04B37/04 ,  F04B37/14 ,  H01J41/20

CPC classification number: F04B37/02 ,  F04B37/04 ,  F04B37/14 ,  H01J7/18 ,  H01J7/183 ,  H01J41/20

Abstract: A getter pump is described. The getter pump has a casing, whose shape is a solid of revolution with a revolution axis, and a plurality of getter cartridges mounted within the getter pump casing, each cartridge having a linear central support and spaced getter elements mounted on the linear central support. A getter cartridge orientation plane containing the linear central support and parallel to the revolution axis, and a getter cartridge positioning plane orthogonal to the revolution axis and intersecting the midpoint of a linear central support are defined. For each cartridge, the angle formed by the getter cartridge positioning plane with the linear control supports is equal to or less than 30°.

公开(公告)号：US20080315787A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-25

申请号：US11764964

申请日：2007-06-19

Applicant: Jian Xu

Inventor： Jian Xu

IPC: H05B41/36 ,  H01J41/00

CPC classification number: H05B41/3924 ,  H05B39/044 ,  Y10S315/04

Abstract: A lighting control circuit for dimming a light is provided with different algorithms that are utilized to dim fluorescent and incandescent lights. Some method of identifying the type of light which is to be dimmed, reports to a control for the lighting control circuit, and the appropriate algorithm is then selected and utilized.

Abstract translation: 用于对光进行调光的照明控制电路具有用于调暗荧光灯和白炽灯的不同算法。 然后选择和使用识别要被调暗的光的类型的一些方法，报告给照明控制电路的控制以及适当的算法。

公开(公告)号：US3174325A

公开(公告)日：1965-03-23

申请号：US24350562

申请日：1962-12-10

Applicant: CA NAT RESEARCH COUNCIL

Inventor： AVELING REDHEAD PAUL

IPC: G01N25/14 ,  G01N30/00 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J49/16

CPC classification number: G01N30/00 ,  G01N25/14 ,  G01N2030/008 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J49/16

公开(公告)号：US10718729B2

公开(公告)日：2020-07-21

申请号：US15547498

申请日：2015-06-08

Applicant: Metrolab

Inventor： René Tützauer ,  Jacques Pore ,  Marc Burier ,  Aurélie Pornin ,  Frédéric Lalloyer ,  Hervé Collard

IPC: G01R27/28 ,  G01N27/02 ,  B61K9/08 ,  G01N27/20 ,  B61L23/04 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G01L21/30 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  B61L3/00 ,  B61L25/02 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02

Abstract: An electrical detection device carried by a rail vehicle traveling on a railway track to detect faults in at least one rail, including a contact support suitable for being mechanically linked to the rail vehicle, at least one reference contact and corresponding measuring contact applied to a rail, and carried by the support, a processing circuit to which each reference contact and measuring contact are connected, suitable for measuring the impedance between the corresponding reference and measuring contacts, means for positioning the contact support facing the surface of the rail in a measurement direction corresponding to the axis of the rail, such that each first reference contact and each corresponding measuring contact relate to the same rail, and at least two measuring contacts transversely offset relative to the measurement direction, wherein the processing circuit includes means for measuring the impedance between at least one reference contact and each measuring contact.

公开(公告)号：US09995839B2

公开(公告)日：2018-06-12

申请号：US15311937

申请日：2015-05-22

Applicant: Gerd Reime

Inventor： Gerd Reime

IPC: G01R27/28 ,  G01V3/10 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G01R27/00 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/62 ,  H01J41/02 ,  H01J41/00 ,  G01N27/64

CPC classification number: G01V3/10 ,  G01N27/028 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/64 ,  G01R27/00 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G01R27/2611 ,  G01R27/267 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02

Abstract: In a method for determining at least one physical parameter, a sensor unit which is activated by at least one periodic excitation (1.4) is provided, wherein the sensor unit has at least one detection region in which changes of the parameter in the surroundings of the sensor unit lead to output signal (1.7) from the sensor unit. The sensor unit is wired such that if there are no changes of the parameter in the detection region the output signal (1.7) is a zero signal or virtually a zero signal at the output of the sensor unit, whereas if there are changes of the parameter in the detection region the output signal (1.7) is a signal that is not zero and has a specific amplitude and phase. In a closed control loop, the non-zero signal in the receive path is adjusted to zero using a control signal to achieve an adjusted state even in the presence of changes of the parameter in the detection region. The control signal is evaluated in order to determine the physical parameter. The output signal (1.7) from the sensor unit is reduced substantially to the fundamental wave of the excitation (1.4) and the output signal (1.7) is controlled to zero in the entire phase space by means of at least one pulse width modulation. A temperature-stable, fully digital measuring system is provided as a result of the fact that the at least one pulse width modulation itself generates a correction signal with a variable pulse width and possibly a variable phase which is then added to the output signal (1.7) from the sensor unit and the output signal is thereby controlled to zero in the entire phase space, wherein the pulse width of the correction signal and/or the phase of the correction signal is/are determined by the deviations of the output signal (1.7) from zero.

公开(公告)号：US07378651B2

公开(公告)日：2008-05-27

申请号：US10529307

申请日：2003-09-05

Applicant: Roger Guevremont

Inventor： Roger Guevremont

IPC: B01D59/44 ,  H01J41/00

CPC classification number: G01N27/624

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for separating ions including a plurality of first electrode portions, each first electrode portion of the plurality of first electrode portions having a first length and an outer surface that is at least partially curved in a direction transverse to the first length. The apparatus also includes a plurality of second electrode portions arranged in an alternating sequence with the plurality of first electrode portions, each second electrode portion of the plurality of second electrode portions having a second length and an outer surface that is curved in a direction transverse to the second length, a space between the outer surface of a first electrode portion and the outer surface of an adjacent second electrode portion defining a portion of an analytical gap for separating ions. At least an electrical controller is provided for electrically coupling to at least one of the plurality of first electrode portions and the plurality of second electrode portions, for applying an asymmetric waveform voltage between the at least one of the plurality of first electrode portions and the plurality of second electrode portions and for applying a direct current voltage between the at least one of the plurality of first electrode portions and the plurality of second electrode portions so as to establish an electric field within the portion of the analytical gap. During use, ions propagating along a direction that is transverse to both the first length and the second length are separated in the portion of the analytical gap between the outer surface of the first electrode portion and the outer surface of the adjacent second electrode portion.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于分离包括多个第一电极部分的离子的装置，多个第一电极部分中的每个第一电极部分具有第一长度，并且外表面在横向于第一长度的方向上至少部分地弯曲。 该装置还包括与多个第一电极部分交替地排列的多个第二电极部分，多个第二电极部分的每个第二电极部分具有第二长度，并且外表面在横向于 第二长度，第一电极部分的外表面与限定用于分离离子的分析间隙的一部分的相邻的第二电极部分的外表面之间的空间。 至少提供电控制器以电耦合到多个第一电极部分和多个第二电极部分中的至少一个，用于在多个第一电极部分和多个第一电极部分中的至少一个之间施加非对称波形电压 并且用于在所述多个第一电极部分中的所述至少一个与所述多个第二电极部分之间施加直流电压，以便在所述分析间隙的所述部分内建立电场。 在使用过程中，沿着横向于第一长度和第二长度的方向传播的离子在第一电极部分的外表面和相邻的第二电极部分的外表面之间的分析间隙的部分中分离。

公开(公告)号：US5726076A

公开(公告)日：1998-03-10

申请号：US365242

申请日：1994-12-28

Applicant: G. William Tasker ,  Jerry Randall Horton

Inventor： G. William Tasker ,  Jerry Randall Horton

IPC: H01J9/12 ,  H01J43/24 ,  H01J49/02 ,  H01J41/00

CPC classification number: H01J43/246 ,  H01J49/025 ,  H01J9/12 ,  H01J2201/32 ,  H01J2201/3423

Abstract: The invention is directed to continuous dynodes formed by thin-film processing techniques. According to one embodiment of the invention, a continuous dynode is formed by reacting a chemical vapor in the presence of a substrate at a temperature and pressure sufficient to result in chemical vapor deposition. In another embodiment, the layer is formed by liquid phase deposition and in another embodiment, the layer is formed by nitriding or oxidizing a substrate.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及通过薄膜加工技术形成的连续倍增极。 根据本发明的一个实施方案，通过在足以导致化学气相沉积的温度和压力下在基板存在下使化学气相反应形成连续的倍增极。 在另一个实施方案中，该层通过液相沉积形成，并且在另一个实施方案中，该层通过氮化或氧化底物而形成。

公开(公告)号：US10590919B2

公开(公告)日：2020-03-17

申请号：US15033974

申请日：2014-04-07

Applicant: Aerojet Rocketdyne, Inc.

Inventor： David Q. King ,  Peter Y. Peterson ,  Justin M. Pucci

IPC: G01N27/62 ,  F03H1/00 ,  B64G7/00 ,  G01L21/30 ,  G01N27/64 ,  H01J41/00 ,  H01J41/02

Abstract: System (300, 400) and methods (500) for testing a reaction thruster (100) in a vacuum environment. The methods comprise: disposing the reaction thruster in a vacuum chamber which is at least partially connected to earth ground; removing at least one gas from the vacuum chamber to provide the vacuum environment; operating the reaction thruster so as to create a beam of electrons; and/or electrically isolating the electrons of the beam from at least one electrically conductive surface of the vacuum chamber. The electrical isolation can be achieved by applying an electrical bias voltage to the beam via an electrode. The electrode may comprise a conductive object disposed in the vacuum chamber and/or at least a portion of a vacuum chamber wall. In all cases, the electrode is electrically isolated from a portion of the vacuum chamber that is connected to ground.