The invention aims to provide a test device and method for evaluating the resistance reduction effect of a bionic non-smooth surface rotating disc. The device comprises a support, a stepping motor, a torque signal coupler and a closed water tank, the torque signal coupler, the closed water tank and the stepping motor are fixed to the support, a propeller and the rotating disc are arranged in the closed water tank, the propeller is connected with the stepping motor through a first connecting rod, the rotating disc is connected with the torque signal coupler through a second connecting rod, and the propeller is arranged opposite to the rotating disc. The stepping motor is adopted for driving the propeller to provide power for main flow field speed, the friction torque of the rotating disc is measured though the torque signal coupler, and the friction torque of the bionic non-smooth surface rotating disc is compared with that of a smooth surface disc to evaluate the resistance reduction effect of the bionic non-smooth surface rotating disc.