The invention relates to a close range security detection system and a close range security detection method of an underground coal mine tunneling machine, belonging to a close range security detection system and a close range security detection method of a coal mine. The detection system comprises a beacon control device arranged on the tunneling machine, and a plurality of mobile acquisition devices (MADs) which are respectively carried by workers; the working process of the system comprises the steps of dangerous area division, system correction, MAD close range detection, danger judgment and alarm response process. According to the system, a two-dimensional plane coordinate system is established, and a dangerous area model is formulated; the coordinate data information of all points in the dangerous area is determined in the coordinate system and is stored in a control processing unit; a detection model and a complete detection method are established; a low-frequency electromagnetic field is taken as a detection signal medium. According to the system and the method, the problem that the accidents of personal safety can be caused in the working process of the tunneling machine since an operator of the tunneling machine has a blind observation area in the special environment of underground tunneled roadway can be solved.