The invention relates to a pinhole camera adopting X-ray imaging and a laser-assisted aiming method. The pinhole camera comprises a pinhole camera body, a pinhole board used for adjusting, a two-dimensional adjusting laser base (7), a semiconductor laser (8) and a two-dimensional adjusting rack (9), wherein the semiconductor laser (8) is arranged in the two-dimensional adjusting laser base (7), and used for adjusting a standard laser source; the two-dimensional adjusting rack (9) is arranged under the pinhole camera body, and used for adjusting the integral posture of the pinhole camera. According to the laser-assisted aiming method, a laser beam fixed on the pinhole camera body is taken for assistance, and the pinhole camera body is mounted and debugged fast and effectively via the two-dimensional adjusting rack (9). Therefore, the efficiency and the stability are improved, adjusting steps are simplified, and the adjusting time is shortened.