The invention discloses a radio frequency simulation evaluation method based on a one-dimensional distance image. Convolution is performed on an object characteristic and a radar signal; a one-dimensional distance image theory value is obtained after time frequency transformation; a radar object signal which is transmitted by a radio frequency simulation system is obtained by a standard reception device; a one-dimensional distance image simulation value is generated after processing the radar object signal; and a method for quantitatively evaluating quality of radar echo simulated by a radio frequency simulation system is theoretically inferred.