The invention provides a dominant right switchable random access method based on channel condition sensing ad relates to the technical field of communication. The method mainly comprises a sending end dominant random access process, a receiving end dominant interchange process and a receiving end dominant access process. According to the method, through adoption of the scheme that a sending end backs off according to predicted channel interference condition of a receiving end, the channel interference condition of the receiving end is highly reflected by a backoff process, and the random access is finer. Through adoption of the scheme of combining the sending end dominant random access process and the receiving end dominant access process, the backoff efficiency is improved, a network throughput rate is greatly improved, and the system performance is improved.