The invention relates to a preparation method of graphene heat-conducting shape-stabilized phase change material with isolation structure; the preparation method comprises: (1) ultrasonically dispersing 1 part by mass of graphite oxide in 500-10000 parts by mass of deionized water to prepare graphene oxide dispersion; (2) adding 450-1350 parts by mass of surfactant solution into the graphene oxide dispersion, and ultrasonically dispersing to obtain modified graphene oxide dispersion; (3) adding 50-300 parts by mass of phase change material into the modified graphene oxide dispersion, heating, and emulsifying the solution to obtain phase change material emulsion; (4) adding 0.1-1 part by mass of a reducing agent into the phase change material under constant-temperature stirring, reacting by refluxing for 5 min to 24 h to obtain phase change material@graphene with core-shell structure; (5) hot-pressing the phase change material@graphene in a mold to obtain the graphene heat-conducting shape-stabilized phase change material with isolation structure.