The embodiment of the application discloses an UWB-based positioning method, wherein the method includes steps that a model conversion signal sent by a base station is received after an electronic label enters a stable state; the electronic label enters a dynamic base station mode according to the model conversion signal; the electronic label receives the signal sent by the other electronic label under the model of the dynamic base station, and transfers to the base station for positioning the other electronic label. The embodiment of the application further discloses an UWB-based electronic label, a base station, and a positioning system. In the specific embodiment of the application, the electronic label enters the dynamic base station model according to the model conversion signal, and receives the signal sent by the other electronic label under the model of the dynamic base station, and transfers to the base station for positioning the other electronic label; the assistant positioning function of the vehicle is played without the base station, thus the positioning precision is improved; the fixing base station is not required to arrange, thus the cost is reduced.