The invention discloses an identification method for beam structure damage of vibration mode weighing modal flexibility. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining frequency and the vibration mode of the beam structure before and after the damage through a modal test; calculating vibration mode curvature sign function weighing damage index based on the frequency and the vibration mode before and after the damage to locate the damaged structure, calculating a beam structure node damage degree according to a relative change of the vibration mode curvature sign function weighing damage index before and after the damage, and then calculating a unit damage degree. The identification method for the beam structure damage of the vibration mode weighing modal flexibility can effectively determine a damage location of a single-damage and multi-damage working condition for the beam structure, the calculation method of the damage degree of the corresponding index under a statically determinate structure and a statically indeterminate structure can be used to identify the damage degree accurately, the shortcomings that the existing modal flexibility curvature index cannot be used to identify the damage degree are overcome, and the method can be applied to the nondestructive testing and damage degree assessment of the beam structure.