The invention relates to a tramcar operation control system and method based on vehicle-vehicle communication; the system comprises a monitor center server, a track switch controller, a grade crossing controller, an electronic label, and vehicle equipment arranged on the tramcar; the vehicle equipment comprises an electronic label card reader, a vehicle computer and a velocity measurement device; the vehicle computer respectively communicates with the monitor center server, the track switch controller and grade crossing controller through the communication network; the monitor center server can realize log in ID confirmation and mutual information transfer between the vehicle computer, the track switch controller and the grade crossing controller; the operation control system controls the tramcar to travel according to the equipment data, and wirelessly communicates with a tramcar in a tracking queue so as to obtain the forecar position and speed, thus allowing the vehicle control system to realize train safety operation control according to track switch, grade crossing and station position calculation mobile authorization.