The invention discloses a double reflecting plate based laser localization and navigation method. Different from geometric triangle localization in traditional technologies, the double reflecting plate based laser localization and navigation method deeply digs and sufficiently utilizes complex domain information of reflected light and breaks a technical bottleneck of three reflecting plates in the traditional sense, the operating condition is that data of only two reflecting plates is simultaneously detected, and the applicability of a laser navigation technology is greatly improved. Although the lowest requirement of the invention is that two reflecting plates are detected, multiple reflecting plates might be simultaneously detected in actual application, the use of information of the reflecting plates can be maximized through designing data fusion processing, and thus the accuracy is further improved.