The invention discloses a bionic dry adhesion system for capturing non-cooperative targets in an in-orbit manner. The bionic dry adhesion system comprises a fuselage, flexible driving mechanisms, bionic paw mechanisms and bionic foot sole mechanisms. The flexible driving mechanisms and the bionic paw mechanisms are arranged on the fuselage, the bionic foot sole mechanisms are movably connected with the bionic paw mechanisms, adhesion units made of bionic adhesion materials are arranged at the tail ends of the bionic foot sole mechanisms, the bionic foot sole mechanisms can be driven by the flexible driving mechanisms to laterally move relative to the bionic paw mechanisms, and the bionic paw mechanisms can be driven by the flexible driving mechanisms to carry out adduction movement, so that the bionic adhesion units can tangentially move under the effect of normal pre-pressures to generate adhesion force. The bionic dry adhesion system has the advantages that the non-cooperative targets in spaces can be repeatedly adhered by the bionic dry adhesion system, and accordingly effects of capturing the non-cooperative targets can be improved.