The invention belongs to the technical field of radar systems and particularly relates to an S band test bench structure which comprises a receiving integration module, an emission power module, a transmitting radio frequency module and a feeder network module. The receiving integration module and the emission power module are in two-way communication connection. The output end of the receiving integration module is connected to the input end of the transmitting radio frequency module. The emission power module and the transmitting radio frequency module are in two-way communication connection. The output end of the transmitting radio frequency module is connected to the input end of the feeder network module. The output end of the feeder network module is connected to the input end of the receiving integration module. According to the S band test bench structure, a research environment of design simulation and key technology verification is provided for a radar product, the development cycle of industrialization and personalized design improvement is shortened, and a hardware platform with the integration of product testing, function verification, spare parts maintenance and an upgrade improvement test is provided.