The invention relates to the technical field of smart power grids, and particularly to an energy storage station scheduling control method for realizing peak-clipping and valley-filling of a load power of a power distribution network. The energy storage station scheduling control method comprises the steps of 1, predicting an electricity demand of a power grid on the next day based on historical data of electricity demands to obtain a predicted value of a day-ahead electricity demand; 2, building a day-ahead scheduling model of the energy storage station, inputting the day-ahead demand predicted value into the day-ahead scheduling model to obtain a day-ahead scheduling plan of the energy storage station; and 3, replacing the historical data of the electricity demands by using real-time data at the past time based on the real-time condition of the electricity demand on the next day, and inputting the real-time data into the day-ahead scheduling model of the energy storage station so as to obtain a real-time corrected scheduling plan of the energy storage station. The control method not only can realize the peak-clipping and valley-filling function of the energy storage station for tracking the load change, can avoid reasonable day-ahead scheduling plan caused by prediction error, and can schedule the charging and discharging power of the energy storage station in the power grid scientifically. The energy storage station scheduling control method for realizing peak-clipping and valley-filling of the load power of the power distribution network is low in data demand, simple in calculation and easy to operate.