The invention discloses a circumferential weld assessment method and device and belongs to the field of pipeline assessment. The method comprises the steps that a plurality of assessment data of a to-be-assessed circumferential weld are obtained and comprise the at least one detecting datum and the at least one construction datum; from the multiple assessment data, the at least one risk assessment datum is obtained, and the risk assessment data conform to the preset risk conditions; at least one risk value is obtained and corresponds to the risk conditions which the risk assessment data conform to; according to the at least one risk value, the to-be-assessed parameter is determined and is the sum of the at least one risk value or the number of the at least one risk value; whether the to-be-assessed parameter is larger than the preset parameter threshold value or not is judged; and if the to-be-assessed parameter is larger than the preset parameter threshold value, the to-be-assessed circumferential weld is marked as the dangerous circumferential weld. According to the circumferential weld assessment method and device, the accuracy of the assessment of the circumferential weld is improved, and the circumferential weld located in the dangerous state can be accurately and comprehensively recognized.