The invention relates to a cyanate ester hybridization polymer and a cyanate ester composite material, and belongs to the technical field of cyanate ester. High glass-transition temperature, good dielectric properties and good mechanical property of the cyanate ester are maintained; meanwhile, the toughness and the flame-retardant performance of the cyanate ester are improved. The raw materials of the cyanate ester hybridization polymer comprise raw material cyanate ester and silica chain section containing diamine; the mass ratio of the raw material cyanate ester to the silica chain section containing diamine is greater than or equal to 10:7. The cyanate ester hybridization polymer provided by the invention can be used for the cyanate ester composite material.