The invention relates to a special vehicle and in particular relates to a special vehicle heat dissipation system with a UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) device. The special vehicle heat dissipation system comprises a chassis truck, a compartment, a storage battery and a UPS main engine; a battery heat dissipation system comprises a battery cooling internal unit, a battery cooling external unit and a heat dissipation air duct A; the battery cooling internal unit and the storage battery are arranged in the heat dissipation air duct A of a rest room; the battery cooling external unit is arrangedoutside the compartment and connected with the heat dissipation air duct A; a main engine heat dissipation system comprises a main engine cooling device, a fan and an air supply device; the main engine cooling device is arranged in a main engine room; the fan is arranged in a heat dissipation air duct B; and the air supply device is arranged at the bottom of the main engine room. Compared with the prior art, the special vehicle heat dissipation system disclosed by the invention has the advantage that the heat dissipation effect is greatly improved by optimizing the structure of the heat dissipation air duct and changing the air supply manner; with the adoption of grouped arrangement and tiled layout of the storage battery, the height of center of gravity of the storage battery is reduced;and due to the reasonable arrangement of the air supply device and the fan, the energy consumption of equipment is reduced, and the equipment operating reliability and stability are improved.