The invention discloses a freely-liftable cover plate reinforced coal mining machine which comprises a framework, a cutting unit, a traction unit, a control unit and a lifting structure. The frameworkcomprises a fixed framework, a liftable framework and a movable framework; the cutting unit comprises a first cutting portion and a second cutting portion, the first cutting portion and the second cutting portion are symmetrical structurally and positioned on two sides of an alternating-current traction coal mining machine respectively; the traction unit is connected with the cutting unit and comprises a first traction portion and a second traction portion corresponding to the first cutting portion and the second cutting portion; the control unit is connected with the traction unit through aconnection part; the lifting structure is arranged between the control unit and the framework. By multiple different connection and reinforcing structures in alternate fit between the traction unit and the control unit, high safety and stability are achieved; by automatic retractable structures, cutters for cutting can be protected by extending and retracting actions of the automatic retractable structures in an automatic cutting process.