The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for searching, rescuing and positioning the disaster-affected personnel, and relates to the field of communications, wherein the efficiency and the accuracy of the searching and rescuing operation in natural disasters such as earthquake, debris flow and the like are improved. Meanwhile, the universality of the searching and rescuing operation is achieved. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the method specifically comprises the steps of generating a pre-disaster earth's surface fingerprint database; adding the disaster-affected attribute to the grid of a disaster-affected area; acquiring the RSRP of each of all cells and corresponding to each terminal within a first preset time after the ending time of a disaster; calculating the mean square error of the RSRPs of all cells; if the mean square error is determined to be smaller than a threshold value, determining the owner of a first terminal to be the affected personnel, determining the end-buried pressure loss N of the tail end of the affected personnel, and subtracting N from the RSRP of a cell corresponding to the grid belonging to the disaster-affected attribute, and obtaining an after-disaster earth's surface fingerprint database of the disaster-affected personnel; according to the after-disaster earth's surface fingerprint database of the disaster-affected personnel, determining the to-be-searched rescue position of the disaster-affected personnel. The embodiment of the invention is applied to the searching and rescuing process.