The invention provides a multi-mode based one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array antenna and belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas. Each phased array antenna unit of the invention is mainly composed of a rectangular radiation patch, a short-circuit ring-shaped patch, and a feeding part. By respectively exciting the rectangular patches and the ring-shaped patches in the unit antennas, different pattern directional diagrams generated by the different patches can complement one another to construct a joint wide beam unit. The two patches in each unit antenna use a stackedstructure to achieve good isolation between ports in the different patches. Based on the joint wide beam unit described above, a one-dimensional wide-angle scanning phased array is constructed. An elevation plane scanning space is divided into two subspaces, and during scanning in each subspace, only the rectangular patches or the ring-shaped patches of the antenna units are excited respectively.According to the invention, the scanning range of a planar phased array can be effectively expanded and the scanning beam can be ensured to have the same polarization in the entire range.