The invention discloses a rapid detaching device for a pipe end surface protective sealing plate. The rapid detaching device for the pipe end surface protective sealing plate comprises a sealing plateand a detaching ring; a protecting area and a fixing area are arranged on the plate surface of the sealing plate, wherein the protecting area is used for protecting the pipe opening part of a pipe and the fixing area is positioned on the periphery of the protecting area; outer boundaries of the fixing area and the protecting area are linked with each other; a plurality of reinforcing ribs are fixed on the upper surface of the fixing area; bonding material layers are arranged on the upper surfaces of the reinforcing ribs; and the detaching ring is fixed on the outer boundary of the protectingarea. After being mounted on a flange sealing surface of the pipe, the rapid detaching device for the pipe end surface protective sealing plate can prevent solid particles from entering into the pipefrom the fixing area of the sealing plate; after being used, the protective sealing plate can rapidly detach the sealing plate, can also prevent scraps, which are generated during detaching, from falling into the pipe and can avoid flange surface damage possibly caused by detaching of a metal tool.