The invention discloses a scientific research ship with a lifting fin plate system. The ship comprises a ship body, a vertical well is arranged vertically extending to a cabin along a ship bottom in the ship body, and a lifting fin plate used for carrying a detecting instrument is arranged in the vertical well; the two end portions of the lifting fin plate are respectively provided with guide railmechanisms used for helping the lifting fin plate slide and lift, the guide rail mechanisms are vertically laid on the well wall along the arranged direction of the vertical well, and a driving mechanism is arranged on the well wall used for driving the lifting fin plate to descend for detection or to rise and receive ; the scientific research ship further comprises a buffer mechanism used for reducing the impact force generated from a junction of the driving mechanism and the lifting fin plate, when the driving mechanism drives the lifting fin plate to descend at a preset position in water.Due to the buffer mechanism, an oil cylinder is more conveniently connected with the lifting fin plate, when driving the lifting fin plate to descend under water to perform detection, the buffer mechanism can effectively relieve the continuous impact force generated from the water flow resistance to the oil cylinder and the lifting fin plate, when the ship sails.