The invention provides a fast wrapped phase unwrapping algorithm for indexing a quality map priority queue. The method comprises steps of first generating a Laplace phase difference quality map; thenpresetting a quality grading number according to the image size, and establishing a quality grading priority index map according to the quality map; then establishing a two-level priority search structure to replace the traditional adjacency list structure in a flood filling algorithm; and finally, using the flood filling algorithm to perform the wrapped phase unwrapping. The method can improve the unwrapping speed of the wrapped phase and has a more obvious advantage when the image size is increased. At the same time, the high reliability Laplace phase difference quality map is designed to meet the accuracy requirement of the actual wrapped phase unwrapping.