The invention discloses a pulse impacting type coordinative multi-directional rotating and rolling pressing preparation method of a gradient nanocrystalline of a board. The method is characterized inthat the surface of a metal board is impacted through a high-intensity steel impacting pin in a high-frequency pulse type impacting mode, and the impacted board surface is rolled and pressed in a rapid multi-directional rotating and rolling pressing mode, thus the board surface layer is subjected to strong plastic deformation, and the surface is induced to realize nanocrystallization, and as a result, the gradient nanocrystalline is prepared. The method has the advantages that (1) the surface nanocrystallization processing period is short; the pulse impacting and the multi-directional rotatingand rolling pressing are synchronously carried out, so that the operation period of impacting and then rolling and pressing can be greatly reduced; (2) the surface nanocrystallization effect is obvious; the accumulated plastic deformation of the surface layer of a metal material is greatly improved under the coordination effect of the impact load and the extruding load, and moreover, the dynamicplastic flowing capacity of the surface layer of the material can be effectively improved; and (3) the surface roughness of the material is reduced; and a protruded part on the surface of the materialcan fills a concave part based on the plastic flowing capacity of the material and under the multi-directional rotating and rolling pressing effects.