The invention discloses an inserting and cutting type banana combing device capable of surrounding banana stems in a self-adaptive manner. The inserting and cutting type banana combing device comprises a machine frame, a power source, a cutter head, a gear set, connecting rods, a plurality of linear guide rails, L-shaped sliding blocks, springs, hard blade mounting frames, hard blades and soft blades, wherein the gear set is arranged between the cutter head and the table board of the machine frame, and consists of a driving gear and a driven gear; the linear guide rails are annularly arrayed on the cutter head; each L-shaped sliding block is mounted on the corresponding linear guide rail in a sliding manner; each connecting rod is arranged between every two linear guide rails; one ends ofthe connecting rods are hinged to the edge of a center hole of the driven gear, and the other end of the corresponding connecting rod is hinged to the horizontal edge of the corresponding L-shaped sliding block; each hard blade mounting frame is connected with the corresponding L-shaped sliding block through bolts; the springs sleeve the bolts; each hard blade is mounted on the corresponding hardblade mounting frame; each soft blade group is riveted to the outer side of the corresponding hard blade; and every two soft blade groups are riveted to form an annular enveloping structure which canenvelope the banana spike rods. The inserting and cutting type banana combing device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being light and small in integral structure, convenient to move, safe and labor-saving to operate, self-adaptive to the banana spikes and rods and the like.