The invention, which belongs to the field of indoor autonomous navigation technology, provides a UWB positioning system for a robot. The UWB positioning system is composed of a positioning module, a survey module, a data processing module, a control module. The GPS technology is combined with the UWB technology by the positioning module; the GPS technology is used for locating the outdoor positionof the robot; and the UWB technology is used for positioning of the indoor position. The survey module provided with several kinds of detecting units is used for detecting different environmental data and exchanging data with a graphic drawing unit in the control module for research and rescue work. The control modes have an active control mode and a passive control mode. A CPU data analysis unitof the system carries out data analysis and makes a route by itself; and a moving route can be fixed by means of manually and remotely controlled instruction issuing or program. With the UWB technology, a problem of unstable indoor signal transmission is solved; and the transmission rate and the space capacity are high; the cost is low; and the power consumption is low.