The invention discloses a detection method for a pavement self-regulating nondestructive inspection trolley based on ultrasonic pulses. The detection method comprises the following steps: 1) confirming the quantity of flaw detection tubes jointed under the nondestructive inspection trolley according to the condition of a detected pavement, wherein n is more than or equal to Tmin; 2) starting the nondestructive inspection trolley at the starting point L0 and moment t0 of the detected pavement, advancing for time t along the detected pavement at a speed v, and then stopping the nondestructive inspection trolley on a L1 position of the detected pavement, and inputting an emitting wave B0 by a high-frequency ultrasonic generator through probes on the bottom ends of the flaw detection tubes. According to the detection method disclosed by the invention, the waveform is corresponding to the damaged degree of the pavement, the relation between the waveform and the damaged degree of the pavement can be quantitatively analyzed and detected, the comprehensive damaging condition of the detected pavement can be reflected, the data comparability can be increased by repeatedly measuring, the detection speed is high and the precision is higher.