The invention discloses an aspheric surface parameter error interference measuring method combining laser differential confocal positioning and belongs to the field of aspheric surface measurement. Animplementation method comprises the following steps: acquiring nominal parameters of a measured aspheric surface, and by utilizing the acquired nominal parameters of the measured aspheric surface andcombining optical design software, designing and processing a part-compensating lens and aplanatic lenses; according to the part-compensating lens and the aplanatic lenses, establishing an aspheric surface parameter error interference measuring system combining the laser differential confocal positioning; obtaining an optimal compensation position change by utilizing the system; measuring a surface figure change between the measured aspheric surface and an ideal aspheric surface, and calculating a coefficient of a quartic component of the surface figure change; and according to a simultaneousequation set, calculating a surface figure parameter error of the aspheric surface, thus measurement on the surface figure parameter error of the aspheric surface is realized. The method disclosed bythe invention can improve accuracy of measurement on the surface figure parameter error of the aspheric surface, realizes non-contact, full-aperture, fast and high-accuracy measurement and has the advantages of no scanning device and simple structure.