The invention discloses a transport vehicle supervision system based on a Beidou satellite. The system comprises a vehicle terminal, a supervision platform and all panoramic cameras, wherein the vehicle terminal and the supervision platform are installed on a transport vehicle, and the panoramic cameras are installed at the front, back and two sides of a body of the transport vehicle respectively;the vehicle terminal is used for acquiring position data, mileage data, fuel consumption data, velocity data, state data, driver data, departure place data and destination data of the transport vehicle and sending all the data to the supervision platform; the supervision platform is used for performing statistical management on all the data of the transport vehicle, supervising the travel track,velocity, state, mileage and fuel consumption of the transport vehicle and sending a generated warning message to the vehicle terminal; and the panoramic cameras collect surrounding video image data of the transport vehicle so as to generate and display an overlook-direction video of the transport vehicle.