The invention discloses a multi-channel radiation pyrometer system suitable for strong impact transient high temperature measurement. The multi-channel radiation pyrometer system comprises a high temperature source, a transmission optical fiber, a pyrometer main body, a high voltage power supply and an oscilloscope, wherein a heat radiation signal emitted by the high temperature source is transmitted to the pyrometer main body through the transmission optical fiber; the pyrometer main body converts the signal into an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to the oscilloscope in theform of an image; the pyrometer main body comprises a filter, a PMT photoelectric conversion system and a case; the PMT photoelectric conversion system comprises a photomultiplier, the transmission optical fiber, the filter and the photomultiplier which form a measurement channel in a one-to-one correspondence manner; and the number of the measurement channels is not more than 8. The multi-channelradiation pyrometer system suitable for strong impact transient high temperature measurement has the advantages of wide temperature measurement range, large high temperature extreme value and small system error.